# US 11,122,561 B2 · System and method for terminal cooperation based on sparse multi-dimensional spreading > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,122,561 B2 - Document ID: US11122561B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/862,442 - Filed: 2018-01-04 - Published: 2018-05-10 - Granted: 2021-09-14 - Earliest claimed: 2012-12-14 - Assignees: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Amine Maaref; Mohammadhadi Baligh; Jianglei Ma - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11122561B2 ## CPC - H04W 72/0446: Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames - H04J 13/00: Code division multiplex systems (for frequency hopping H04B1/713) - H04L 5/0016: {Time-frequency-code} - H04L 5/14: Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex - H04W 72/0453: Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA - H04L 5/0026: {Division using four or more dimensions, e.g. beam steering or quasi-co-location [QCL]} - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract System and method embodiments are provided to achieve efficient Direct Mobile Communications (DMC) and device-to-device (D2D) communications for terminal based groups with improved spectrum efficiency, reduced interference, and virtual full duplex operation mode. The embodiments include a distributed mechanism for D2D communications that enables one or more cooperating UEs (CUEs) to help one or more target UEs (TUEs) with limited additional signaling overhead and relatively simple implementation. The mechanism comprises a grantless multi-dimensional multiplexing scheme that uses low density spreading (LDS) over time, frequency, and/or space domains to enable data forwarding between multiple half-duplex terminals or UEs while allowing the UEs to operate in virtual full-duplex mode. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method, comprising: transmitting, by a first apparatus to a second apparatus, a data stream, wherein the data stream is mapped to frequency-domain channel resources of a set of device-to-device (D2D) resources and to time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources, the set of D2D resources for data transmission or data reception, wherein the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources are mapped in accordance with a frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the first apparatus and a time-domain multiplexing sequence of the first apparatus, wherein the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the first apparatus indicates the frequency-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the first apparatus for transmission of the data stream, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence of the first apparatus indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the first apparatus for the transmission of the data stream, and wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are independent from each other. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting the data stream comprises: transmitting the data stream to the second apparatus and another apparatus. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by the first apparatus from a network device, a user equipment (UE)-specific radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the RRC signaling comprising an indication of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are assigned to the first apparatus by a network device. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are acquired by the first apparatus without receiving a grant of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence from a network device. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the second apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 8 A method, comprising: receiving, by a first apparatus from a second apparatus, a data stream, wherein the data stream is demapped from frequency-domain channel resources of a set of device-to-device (D2D) resources and time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources, the set of D2D resources for data transmission or data reception, wherein the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources are demapped in accordance with a frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus and a time-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus, wherein the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus indicates the frequency-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the second apparatus for transmission of the data stream, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the second apparatus for the transmission of the data stream, and wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are independent from each other. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein receiving the data stream comprises: receiving more than one data stream from the second apparatus, or from the second apparatus and another apparatus. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein a user equipment (UE)-specific radio resource control (RRC) signaling for the second apparatus comprises an indication of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are assigned by a network device to the second apparatus. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are acquired by the second apparatus without receiving a grant of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence from a network device. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the first apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the second apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 15 An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the at least one processor, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting, to a second apparatus, a data stream, wherein the data stream is mapped to frequency-domain channel resources of a set of device-to-device (D2D) resources and to time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources, the set of D2D resources for data transmission or data reception, wherein the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources are mapped in accordance with a frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the apparatus and a time-domain multiplexing sequence of the apparatus, wherein the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the apparatus indicates the frequency-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the apparatus for transmission of the data stream, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence of the apparatus indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the apparatus for the transmission of the data stream, and wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are independent from each other. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the transmitting the data stream comprises: transmitting the data stream to the second apparatus and another apparatus. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, the operations further comprising: receiving, from a network device, a user equipment (UE)-specific radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the RRC signaling comprising an indication of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are assigned to the apparatus by a network device. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are acquired by the apparatus without receiving a grant of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence from a network device. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 21 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the second apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 22 An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium coupled to the at least one processor, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: receiving, from a second apparatus, a data stream, wherein the data stream is demapped from frequency-domain channel resources of a set of device-to-device (D2D) resources and time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources, the set of D2D resources for data transmission or data reception, wherein the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources are demapped in accordance with a frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus and a time-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus, wherein the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus indicates the frequency-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the second apparatus for transmission of the data stream, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence of the second apparatus indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used by the second apparatus for the transmission of the data stream, and wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are independent from each other. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein receiving the data stream comprises: receiving more than one data stream from the second apparatus, or from the second apparatus and another apparatus. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein a user equipment (UE)-specific radio resource control (RRC) signaling for the second apparatus comprises an indication of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 25 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are assigned by a network device to the second apparatus. ### Claim 26 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence are acquired by the second apparatus without receiving a grant of the time-domain multiplexing sequence and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence from a network device. ### Claim 27 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 28 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the second apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode. ### Claim 29 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the data stream is repeated across the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources indicated by the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence and the time-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 30 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the data stream is repeated across the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources indicated by the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence and the time-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 31 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the data stream is repeated across the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources indicated by the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence and the time-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 32 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the data stream is repeated across the frequency-domain channel resources and the time-domain channel resources indicated by the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence and the time-domain multiplexing sequence. ### Claim 33 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used for the transmission of the data stream in a unit of slot. ### Claim 34 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used for the transmission of the data stream in a unit of slot. ### Claim 35 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used for the transmission of the data stream in a unit of slot. ### Claim 36 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the time-domain multiplexing sequence indicates the time-domain channel resources of the set of D2D resources used for the transmission of the data stream in a unit of slot. ### Claim 37 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus operates in a half-duplex mode, and the frequency-domain multiplexing sequence enables the first apparatus for virtual full-duplex operations.