# US 11,122,401 B2 · Emergency message transmission method based on D2D communication in internet of vehicles

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- Number: US 11,122,401 B2
- Document ID: US11122401B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/968,248
- Filed: 2019-06-20
- Published: 2021-02-04
- Granted: 2021-09-14
- Earliest claimed: 2018-07-03
- Assignees: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Applicants: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Inventors: Dengyin Zhang; Min Zhang; Fei Ding; Nianqi Zhang; Lufeng Yuan
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11122401B2

## CPC

- H04W 4/46: for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
- H04W 4/023: {using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds}
- H04W 4/40: for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W 4/70: Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
- H04W 4/90: Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
- H04W 4/80: Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

Disclosed in the invention is an emergency message transmission method based on D2D communication in IoV. Firstly, priority indexes are established for a set of vehicles within a safety range of a certain vehicle, and D2D connection pairs are established in ascending order of the priority indexes to transmit messages; and then, distance prediction is performed on the set of vehicles outside the safety range, priority indexes are established according to predicted distances, and D2D connection pairs are established in ascending order of the priority indexes to transmit messages. If same priority indexes appear, vehicles on the same lane are selected first. The invention implements timely transmission of safety warning information on basis of D2D communication, and performs safety warning, thereby solving the technical problem of inability to transmit safety information in time, and improving transmission performance of traffic messages. Therefore, the invention has high reliability and real-time properties.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for transmitting an emergency message based on Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in Internet of Vehicles, comprising following steps of:
1) vehicle i collecting information wirelessly received from an adjacent vehicle about an adjacent vehicle j during driving, comprising a position (xj,yj) of the vehicle j, a speed vj of the vehicle j, and a lane R1 or R2 where the vehicle j is traveling; wherein xj represents a coordinate of the vehicle j along a driving direction which is a positive direction of x-axis, yj represents a coordinate of the vehicle j along a direction perpendicular to the driving direction, R1 represents a first lane, and R2 represents a second lane;
2) calculating a distance Dij between the vehicle i and a following vehicle j, wherein the following vehicle j meets xj<xi, xi represents a coordinate of the vehicle i along the driving direction;
3) comparing the distance Dij between the vehicle i and the following vehicle j with a preconfigured communication range R of the vehicle i; determining the vehicle j as a destination of the emergency message sent by the vehicle i and defining the vehicle j as a vehicle k when Dij<R; and establishing a set S containing all of the vehicle k, wherein, a total number of vehicles meeting the condition of Dij<R is TN,k′ k=1, 2, 3, . . . , TN,k;
4) comparing a distance Dik between the vehicle i and the vehicle k defined in the step 3) with a predetermined safety distance Ds between vehicles; calculating a priority index λik when Dik<Ds which represents that the vehicle k is within the safety distance of the vehicle i, wherein a smaller a value of the Dik is, the smaller the priority index λik becomes; establishing a D2D connection pair between the vehicle i and the vehicle k in order of the priority index from small to large to transmit the emergency message;
5) deleting vehicles to which the emergency message have been transmitted in the step 4) from the set S established in the step 3) to establish a new set S2, wherein the vehicle k in the set S2 outside the safety distance Ds of the vehicle i, within the preconfigured communication range R, in a direction following the vehicle i, and meeting a condition of xk<xi, wherein xk represents a coordinate of the vehicle k along the driving direction;
6) defining a prediction processing time interval, and predicting a distance Dik ′ between a vehicle k in the set S2 and the vehicle i according to the vehicle speed; and
7) calculating a priority index λik ′ for vehicles in the set S2, and establishing a D2D connection pair between the vehicle i and the vehicle kin order of the priority index λik ′ from small to large to transmit the emergency message.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method for transmitting the emergency message based on D2D communication in Internet of Vehicles of claim 1, wherein the distance Dij between the vehicle i and the following vehicle j in the step 2) is calculated according to an expression:
Dij=√{square root over ((xi−xj)2+(yi−yj)2)},
where (xi,yi) represents a position of the vehicle i, and xj<xi, which defines that the vehicle j is a vehicle in a direction following the vehicle i.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method for transmitting the emergency message based on D2D communication in Internet of Vehicles claim 1, wherein the distance Dik between the vehicle i and the vehicle k in the step 4) is calculated according to an expression:
Dik=√{square root over ((xi−xk)2+(yi−yk)2)}
where (xi,yi) represents a position of the vehicle i, and (xk,yk) represents a position of the vehicle k.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method for transmitting the emergency message based on D2D communication in Internet of Vehicles of claim 1, wherein the priority index λik in the step 4) is calculated according to an expression:
λ
ik
=
D
ik
R
.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method for transmitting the emergency message based on D2D communication in Internet of Vehicles of claim 1, wherein the step 4) further comprises:
41) selecting a vehicle k corresponding to a minimum priority index, and first establishing a D2D connection pair between the vehicle i and the vehicle k corresponding to the minimum priority index to transmit the emergency message;
42) selecting a vehicle corresponding to a secondary minimum priority index after transmitting the emergency message, and establishing a D2D connection pair between the vehicle i and the vehicle corresponding to the secondary minimum priority index to transmit the emergency message; and
43) repeating the step 42) to execute a step of establishing a D2D connection pair between the vehicle i and each vehicle within the safety distance in order of the priority index from small to large to transmit the emergency message.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method for transmitting the emergency message based on D2D communication in Internet of Vehicles of claim 1, wherein the prediction processing time interval T in the step 6) is defined as 100 ms, and the predicted distance Dik′ is calculated according to an expression:
Dik=√{square root over ((|xi−xk|−|vi−vk|T)2+(yi−yk)2)};
where (xi,yi) represents a position of the vehicle i, (xk,yk) represents a position of the vehicle k, vi represents a speed of the vehicle i, and vk represents a speed of the vehicle k.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method for transmitting the emergency message based on D2D communication in Internet of Vehicles of claim 1, wherein the priority index λik′ in the step 7) is calculated according to an expression:
λ
ik
′
=
D
ik
′
R
.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method for transmitting the emergency message based on D2D communication in Internet of Vehicles of claim 1, wherein a vehicle in a same lane is preferentially selected to establish a D2D connection pair to transmit the emergency message if same priority indexes appear in the step 4) or the step 7).