# US 11,122,397 B2 · Localization using millimeter wave beam attributes > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,122,397 B2 - Document ID: US11122397B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/689,431 - Filed: 2019-11-20 - Published: 2021-05-20 - Granted: 2021-09-14 - Earliest claimed: 2019-11-20 - Assignees: Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. - Applicants: Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. - Inventors: Milutin Pajovic; Toshiaki Koike-Akino; Pu Wang; Philip Orlik - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11122397B2 ## CPC - G01S 5/02525: {Gathering the radio frequency fingerprints} - H04W 4/33: for indoor environments, e.g. buildings - G01S 5/0226: {Transmitters} - G01S 5/02521: {using a radio-map} - H04B 7/0408: using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity - H04B 7/0491: using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04B 7/0684: {using different training sequences per antenna} - H04B 17/336: Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR] - H04W 4/026: {using orientation information, e.g. compass} - H04W 24/08: Testing, {supervising or monitoring} using real traffic - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract A communication system using beamforming transmission in a millimeter wave spectrum in an environment. A memory with data including values indicative of link attributes associated with beam signal measurements with states of devices and states of environments. The states of the devices for each device including types of user behavior, locations and poses in each environment. The states of the environments for each environment including, locations of physical objects and types of behavior of ambient users. Control circuitry performs beam training with a target device in environment to measure beam signal values and environmental responses for different beams transmitted over the different beam angles. Selects, in response to the beam training, at least one dominant angle for a beamforming communication with the target device. Estimates, one of a state of the target device or a state of the environment, corresponding to environmental responses for different beams estimated during the beam training. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A communication system using beamforming transmission in a millimeter wave spectrum in an environment, that includes a phased antenna array configured to perform beamforming to establish millimeter wave channel links with devices at different locations in the environment, comprising: a memory connected to the phased antenna array, having stored data, the stored data include values indicative of signal to noise ratio (SNR) measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased antenna array and measured at a set of locations, that provide for a mapping between different combinations of SNR values of the set of beams and the set of locations, such that a location from the set of locations is for a period of time mapped to a unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams, and further provides information associated with types of behavior of the device at the location for that period of time, poses of the device at the location for that period of time, locations of physical objects in the environment for that period of time, and types of behavior of ambient users in the environment for that period of time; control circuitry communicatively connected with the phased antenna array and the memory, configured to: perform a beam training with a target device located in the environment to estimate SNR values for different beams transmitted over the different beam angles; select, in response to the beam training, at least one dominant angle for a beamforming communication with the target device; estimate from the mapping stored in the memory, a location of the target device corresponding to the SNR values for different beams estimated during the beam training; and transmit the estimated location of the target device using the phased antenna array via a beamforming transmission over the at least one dominant angle. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The communication system of claim 1, wherein the phased antenna array includes antenna beam sectors, such that the phased antenna array iteratively sweeps the environment, sequentially, to establish at least one millimeter wave link with the devices and the target device in the environment. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The communication system of claim 1, wherein stored data include values indicative of link attributes including one of beam received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, beam channel state information (CSI) measurements, beam patterns or beam sequencing, wherein each link attribute includes measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased array of antennas and measured at a set of locations in the environment, wherein the stored values provide a mapping between different combinations of at least one link attribute values of the set of beams and the set of locations, such that a location from the set of locations is mapped to a unique combination of the at least one link attribute values of the set of beams. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The communication system of claim 3, wherein the link attributes further includes one or a combination of RSSI measurements or CSI measurements. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The communication system of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is configured to control a mechanical positioner to mechanically adjust an orientation of the phased antenna array and/or control a beam steering circuitry to steer the millimeter wave signals towards the location of the target device. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The communication system of claim 1, wherein each device of the devices includes a phased antenna array having antenna beam sectors that sweep the environment, such that some devices of the devices are commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The communication system of claim 1, wherein the target device is associated with an electronic device capable of establishing a link with the phased array of antennas, such that the target device is further associated with one of a robot, a human, a computer, a computer like device or an electronic device adaptable to a human. ### Claim 8 A electronic system using beamforming transmission in a millimeter wave spectrum is configured to communicate with devices and a target device in an environment, that includes antennas configured to transmit and receive millimeter wave signals, comprising: a memory connected to the antennas, having stored data, the stored data include values indicative of signal to noise ratio (SNR) measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the antennas and measured at a set of locations, that provide for a mapping between different combinations of SNR values of the set of beams and the set of locations, such that a location from the set of locations is for a period of time mapped to a unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams, and further provides information associated with types of behavior of the device at the location for that period of time, poses of the device at the location for that period of time, locations of physical objects in the environment for that period of time, and types of behavior of ambient users in the environment for that period of time; control circuitry connected with the antennas and the memory, is configured to: perform a beam training with the target device located in the environment to estimate SNR values for different beams transmitted over the different beam angles; select, in response to the beam training, at least one dominant angle for a beamforming communication with the target device; estimate from the mapping stored in the memory, a location of the target device corresponding to the SNR values for different beams estimated during the beam training; and transmit the estimated location of the target device using the antennas via a beamforming transmission over the at least one dominant angle. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The electronic system of claim 8, wherein the antennas are arranged in a phased antenna array, and configured to transmit and receive millimeter wave signals with the devices at different locations in the environment. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The electronic system of claim 9, further comprising a mechanical positioner coupled to the phased antenna array, the control circuitry configured to mechanically adjust a position of at least one antenna in the phased antenna array to direct the millimeter wave signals towards a location of the target device by controlling the mechanical positioner. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The electronic system of claim 10, further comprising beam steering circuitry coupled to the phased antenna array, the control circuitry configured to steer the millimeter wave signals towards the location of the target device by controlling the beam steering circuitry, and steer the millimeter wave signals towards the location of the target device after the mechanical positioner mechanically adjusts the position of the at least one antenna in the phased antenna array. ### Claim 12 A method using a communication system having beamforming transmission in a millimeter wave spectrum in an environment, that includes a phased antenna array configured to perform beamforming to establish millimeter wave channel links with devices at different locations in the environment, comprising: performing a beam training with a target device located in an environment to estimate signal to noise ratio (SNR) measurement values for different beams transmitted over the different beam angles using control circuitry connected with the antennas, the control circuitry is configured for: selecting, in response to the beam training, at least one dominant angle for a beamforming communication with the target device; accessing a memory connected to the phased antenna array, the memory having stored data that include values indicative of SNR measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased antenna array and measured at a set of locations in the environment, wherein the stored values provide a mapping between different combinations of SNR values of the set of beams and the set of locations, such that a location from the set of locations is for a period of time mapped to a unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams, and further provides information associated with types of behavior of the device at the location for that period of time, poses of the device at the location for that period of time, locations of physical objects in the environment for that period of time, and types of behavior of ambient users in the environment for that period of time; estimating from the mapping stored in the memory, a location of the target device corresponding to the SNR values for different beams estimated during the beam training; and transmitting the estimated location of the target device using the phased antenna array via a beamforming transmission over the at least one dominant angle. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the target device is associated with an electronic device capable of establishing a link with the phased array of antennas, such that the target device is further associated with one of a robot, a human, a computer, a computer like device or an electronic device adaptable to a human. ### Claim 14 A communication system using beamforming transmission in a millimeter wave spectrum in an environment, that includes a phased antenna array configured to perform beamforming to establish millimeter wave channel links with devices at different locations in the environment, comprising: a memory connected to the phased antenna array, having stored data, the stored data include values indicative of signal to noise ratio (SNR) measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased antenna array and measured at a set of locations, that provide for a mapping between different combinations of SNR values of the set of beams and the set of locations, such that a location from the set of locations is mapped to a unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams, and wherein the stored data includes values indicative of link attributes including one of, beam received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, beam channel state information (CSI) measurements, beam patterns or beam sequencing, each link attribute includes measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased array of antennas and measured at a set of locations in the environment, such that the stored values provide a mapping between different combinations of at least one link attribute values of the set of beams and the set of locations, and that a location from the set of locations is mapped to a unique combination of the at least one link attribute values of the set of beams; control circuitry communicatively connected with the phased antenna array and the memory, configured to: perform a beam training with a target device located in the environment to estimate SNR values for different beams transmitted over the different beam angles; select, in response to the beam training, at least one dominant angle for a beamforming communication with the target device; estimate from the mapping stored in the memory, a location of the target device corresponding to the SNR values for different beams estimated during the beam training; and transmit the estimated location of the target device using the phased antenna array via a beamforming transmission over the at least one dominant angle. ### Claim 15 A communication system using beamforming transmission in a millimeter wave spectrum in an environment, that includes a phased antenna array configured to perform beamforming to establish millimeter wave channel links with devices at different locations in the environment, comprising: a memory connected to the phased antenna array, having stored data, the stored data include values indicative of signal to noise ratio (SNR) measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased antenna array and measured at a set of locations, that provide for a mapping between different combinations of SNR values of the set of beams and the set of locations, such that a location from the set of locations is mapped to a unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams, wherein the stored data includes values indicative of link attributes including one of, beam received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, beam channel state information (CSI) measurements, beam patterns or beam sequencing, each link attribute includes measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased array of antennas and measured at a set of locations in the environment, such that the stored values provide a mapping between different combinations of at least one link attribute values of the set of beams and the set of locations, and that a location from the set of locations is mapped to a unique combination of the at least one link attribute values of the set of beams, and wherein the link attributes further include one or a combination of RSSI measurements or CSI measurements; control circuitry communicatively connected with the phased antenna array and the memory, configured to: perform a beam training with a target device located in the environment to estimate SNR values for different beams transmitted over the different beam angles; select, in response to the beam training, at least one dominant angle for a beamforming communication with the target device; estimate from the mapping stored in the memory, a location of the target device corresponding to the SNR values for different beams estimated during the beam training; and transmit the estimated location of the target device using the phased antenna array via a beamforming transmission over the at least one dominant angle. ### Claim 16 A method using a communication system having beamforming transmission in a millimeter wave spectrum in an environment, that includes a phased antenna array configured to perform beamforming to establish millimeter wave channel links with devices at different locations in the environment, comprising: performing a beam training with a target device located in an environment to estimate signal to noise ratio (SNR) measurement values for different beams transmitted over the different beam angles using control circuitry connected with the antennas, the control circuitry is configured for: selecting, in response to the beam training, at least one dominant angle for a beamforming communication with the target device; accessing a memory connected to the phased antenna array, the memory having stored data that include values indicative of SNR measurements of a set of beams emitted at different beam angles by the phased antenna array and measured at a set of locations in the environment, wherein the stored values provide a mapping between different combinations of SNR values of the set of beams and the set of locations, such that a location from the set of locations is mapped to a unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams, and wherein the stored data includes fingerprinting data, the fingerprinting data include each location from the set of locations mapped to the unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams for a period of time, such that the unique combination of the SNR values of the set of beams at that period of time further provides information associated with types of behavior of the device at the location for that period of time, poses of the device at the location for that period of time, locations of physical objects in the environment for that period of time, and types of behavior of ambient users in the environment for that period of time; estimating from the mapping stored in the memory, a location of the target device corresponding to the SNR values for different beams estimated during the beam training; and transmitting the estimated location of the target device using the phased antenna array via a beamforming transmission over the at least one dominant angle.