# US 11,121,684 B2 · Method and apparatus for digital envelope tracking with dynamically changing voltage levels for power amplifier > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,121,684 B2 - Document ID: US11121684B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/765,668 - Filed: 2017-12-15 - Published: 2020-09-24 - Granted: 2021-09-14 - Earliest claimed: 2017-12-15 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Stephan Henzler; Andreas Langer; Otto Schumacher - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11121684B2 ## CPC - H03F 1/0222: {by using a signal derived from the input signal} - H03F 3/245: {with semiconductor devices only} - H03F 1/0227: {using supply converters} - H03F 1/3241: {using predistortion circuits (H03F1/3211, H03F1/3217 take precedence)} - H03F 3/193: with field-effect devices (H03F3/195 takes precedence) - H03F 3/195: in integrated circuits - H04B 1/38: Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving - H03F 2200/102: A non-specified detector of a signal envelope being used in an amplifying circuit - H03F 2200/451: the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier - H03F 2200/504: the supply voltage or current being continuously controlled by a controlling signal, e.g. the controlling signal of a transistor implemented as variable resistor in a supply path for, an IC-block showed amplifier - H03F: AMPLIFIERS - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract A device for digital envelope tracking with dynamically changing voltage levels for a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier is disclosed. A power management unit generates a set of supply voltages for a power amplifier based on a control signal. A setpoint generator in the power management integrated circuit gradually increases or decreases a target voltage such that the set of supply voltages output from the voltage converter gradually increase or decrease in response to a gradual transition of the target voltage. A transceiver includes digital models for replicating a behavior of the setpoint generator and a voltage regulator in the voltage converter such that a signal pre-distortion unit may use an instantaneous voltage level for signal predistortion. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A device for digital envelope tracking with dynamically changing voltage levels, the device comprising: a power management unit for generating a set of supply voltages for a power amplifier based on a control signal, wherein the power management unit comprises: a voltage converter including a voltage regulator for generating the set of supply voltages based on a target voltage; and a setpoint generator for gradually increasing or decreasing the target voltage from a first level to a second level such that the set of supply voltages gradually increase or decrease from a first set of voltages to a second set of voltages in response to a gradual transition of the target voltage; a digital voltage level generator for determining voltage levels of the set of supply voltages and generating a set of digital voltage levels corresponding to the set of supply voltages, wherein the control signal is generated based on the voltage levels for the set of supply voltages; a control unit for determining characteristics of an input data stream and generate control signals for selecting one of the set of supply voltages and one of the set of digital voltage levels; and a signal pre-distortion unit for distorting the input data stream based on a digital voltage level selected among the set of digital voltage levels. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the digital voltage level generator comprises: a piecewise constant voltage level generator for determining the voltage levels of the set of supply voltages and generating a set of constant digital voltage levels based on the voltage levels; a transition generator model unit for gradually increasing or decreasing the set of constant digital voltage levels by replicating a behavior of the setpoint generator; and a voltage regulator model unit for converting outputs of the transition generator model unit into the set of digital voltage levels by replicating a behavior of the voltage regulator. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein the setpoint generator gradually increases or decreases the target voltage step by step. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein the setpoint generator increases or decreases the target voltage exponentially. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein the setpoint generator gradually increases or decreases the target voltage according to a non-linear or piecewise linear continuous function. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The device of claim 2, wherein a dominant time constant or a transition time in the transition generator model unit is larger than a slowest dynamic process of the voltage regulator. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The device of claim 1, wherein the set of supply voltages is supplied to a plurality of power amplifier cores that are active in parallel and are dedicated to different frequency bands. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The device of claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the target voltage if at least one of the power amplifier cores is switched on or off. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The device of claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the target voltage if a power level of at least one of the power amplifier cores is changed. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) The device as in any one of claims 1-9, wherein a transition of the set of supply voltages occurs before or after a frame, subframe, slot, or symbol boundary. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) The device as in any one of claims 1-9, wherein a transition of the set of supply voltages occurs in a middle of a frame, subframe, slot, or symbol. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) The device as in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the set of digital voltage levels corresponding to the set of supply voltages output from the voltage converter is generated by an analog-to-digital converter. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) The device as in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the voltage converter and the digital voltage level generator are located in different semiconductor devices. ### Claim 14 A method for digital envelope tracking with dynamically changing voltage levels, the method comprising: determining characteristics of an input data stream; sending a control signal to a power management unit based on the characteristics of the input data stream; generating a target voltage by a setpoint generator, wherein the target voltage gradually increases or decreases from a first level to a second level; generating a set of supply voltages by a voltage converter based on the target voltage, wherein the set of supply voltages gradually increase or decrease from a first set of voltages to a second set of voltages in response to a gradual transition of the target voltage; generating a set of digital voltage levels corresponding to the set of supply voltages; pre-conditioning the input data stream based on a digital voltage level selected among the set of digital voltage levels; and supplying one of the set of supply voltages to a power amplifier. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the set of digital voltage levels is generated by: generating a set of constant digital voltage levels based on voltage levels of the set of supply voltages; gradually increasing or decreasing the set of constant digital voltage levels by replicating a behavior of the setpoint generator; and generating the set of digital voltage levels by replicating a behavior of a voltage regulator in the voltage converter. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the target voltage is increased or decreased step by step according to a predefined transition shaping function. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the setpoint generator increases or decreases the target voltage exponentially. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the setpoint generator gradually increases or decreases the target voltage according to a non-linear or piecewise linear continuous function. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein one of the set of supply voltages is supplied to a first power amplifier core via a first selector and one of the set of supply voltages is supplied to a second power amplifier core via a second selector, wherein the first and second power amplifier cores are active in parallel and are dedicated to different frequency bands; wherein the method further comprises adjusting the target voltage when: at least one of the power amplifier cores is switched on or off; or a power level of at least one of the power amplifier cores is changed. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein a transition of the set of supply voltages occurs: before a frame, subframe, slot, or symbol boundary; after a frame, subframe, slot, or symbol boundary; or in a middle of a frame, subframe, slot, or symbol.