# US 11,121,657 B2 · Method of controlling an electrical machine > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,121,657 B2 - Document ID: US11121657B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/746,331 - Filed: 2020-01-17 - Published: 2020-07-23 - Granted: 2021-09-14 - Earliest claimed: 2019-01-18 - Assignees: ABB Schweiz AG - Applicants: ABB Schweiz AG - Inventors: Omer Ikram Ul Haq - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11121657B2 ## CPC - H02P 6/183: {using an injected high frequency signal} - H02P 21/13: Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters - H02P 21/18: Estimation of position or speed - H02P 21/22: Current control, e.g. using a current control loop - H02P 21/32: Determining the initial rotor position (H02P21/34 takes precedence) - H02P 21/34: Arrangements for starting - H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS ## Abstract A method is described for estimating a position of a rotor in a synchronous electric machine having a rotor. The method has the steps of: inputting the initial rotor angle into a power converter, injecting a first voltage waveform with a first fundamental frequency into the power converter,—injecting a second voltage waveform with a second fundamental frequency into the power converter, the second voltage waveform being offset with an offset angle δθ, determining a resulting second axis current in the power converter at the second fundamental frequency, adjusting, for each torque value, the offset angle δθ so that the resulting second axis current at the second fundamental frequency becomes zero, and estimating the position of the rotor based on the plurality of offset angle values. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for estimating a position of a rotor in a synchronous electric machine, wherein the method comprises the steps of: inputting an initial rotor angle, in a known reference frame, into a power converter controlling the electric machine, injecting a first voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the first voltage waveform has a first fundamental frequency and includes a component along a first axis of the reference frame and a component along a second axis being orthogonal to the first axis, and wherein the first voltage waveform is such that it effects the torque from the machine to vary between at least one positive torque value and at least one negative torque value and that the mean output torque is zero, injecting a second voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the second voltage waveform has a second fundamental frequency and includes a component which is offset with an offset angle δθ with respect to the first axis in the reference frame, determining a resulting second axis current in the power converter at the second fundamental frequency, adjusting, for each torque value, the offset angle δθ so that the resulting second axis current at the second fundamental frequency becomes zero, and storing a respective plurality of offset angle δθ values, and estimating the position of the rotor based on the plurality of offset angle values. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the power converter comprises a first vector rotator and a second vector rotator, wherein the first vector rotator is arranged to convert, using the initial rotor angle as input, the first voltage waveform and the second voltage waveform in the reference frame to voltages in the stationary frame of the electric machine, and wherein the second vector rotator is arranged to convert using the initial rotor angle as input, the currents in the electric machine from the stationary frame of the electric machine to the reference frame. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the first voltage waveform has incrementally increasing or decreasing amplitude. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2 wherein the frequency of the first voltage waveform is 20-100 Hz. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the frequency of the second voltage waveform is higher than the frequency of the first voltage waveform, and preferably higher than 200 Hz. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the adjusting, for each torque value, of the offset angle δθ is performed using a control loop feedback mechanism. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage waveform has incrementally increasing or decreasing amplitude. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7, wherein the amplitude increases in such a way that the resulting torque of the machine increases from a value in the range of 0-10% of the maximum torque to a value of 80-100% of the maximum torque. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7, wherein the amplitude decreases in such a way that the resulting torque of the machine decreases from a value in the range of 80-100% of the maximum torque to a value of 0-10% of the maximum torque. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1 wherein the frequency of the first voltage waveform is 20-100 Hz. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the second voltage waveform is higher than the frequency of the first voltage waveform, and preferably higher than 200 Hz. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting, for each torque value, of the offset angle δθ is performed using a control loop feedback mechanism. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method according to claim 12, wherein the control loop feedback mechanism applies a correction based on at least an integral term, preferably an integral and a proportional term. ### Claim 14 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a computer program comprising computer executable components which when executed by processing circuitry of a control system causes the control system to perform the following steps: inputting an initial rotor angle, in a known reference frame, into a power converter controlling the electric machine, injecting a first voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the first voltage waveform has a first fundamental frequency and includes a component along a first axis of the reference frame and a component along a second axis being orthogonal to the first axis, and wherein the first voltage waveform is such that it effects the torque from the machine to vary between at least one positive torque value and at least one negative torque value and that the mean output torque is zero, injecting a second voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the second voltage waveform has a second fundamental frequency and includes a component which is offset with an offset angle δθ with respect to the first axis in the reference frame, determining a resulting second axis current in the power converter at the second fundamental frequency, adjusting, for each torque value, the offset angle δθ so that the resulting second axis current at the second fundamental frequency becomes zero, and storing a respective plurality of offset angle δθ values, and estimating the position of the rotor based on the plurality of offset angle values. ### Claim 15 A control system for controlling an electrical machine, wherein the control system comprises: processing circuitry, and a storage medium having a computer program which when executed by the processing circuitry causes the control system to perform the following steps: inputting an initial rotor angle, in a known reference frame, into a power converter controlling the electric machine, injecting a first voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the first voltage waveform has a first fundamental frequency and includes a component along a first axis of the reference frame and a component along a second axis being orthogonal to the first axis, and wherein the first voltage waveform is such that it effects the torque from the machine to vary between at least one positive torque value and at least one negative torque value and that the mean output torque is zero, injecting a second voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the second voltage waveform has a second fundamental frequency and includes a component which is offset with an offset angle δθ with respect to the first axis in the reference frame, determining a resulting second axis current in the power converter at the second fundamental frequency, adjusting, for each torque value the offset angle δθ so that the resulting second axis current at the second fundamental frequency becomes zero, and storing a respective plurality of offset angle δθ values, and estimating the position of the rotor based on the plurality of offset angle values. ### Claim 16 An electrical power system comprising: an electrical machine, a power converter configured to control the electrical machine, a control system configured to control the power converter, and a control system for controlling the electrical machine, wherein the control system for controlling the electrical machine comprises: processing circuitry, and a storage medium having a computer program which when executed by the processing circuitry causes the control system to perform the following steps: inputting an initial rotor angle, in a known reference frame, into a power converter controlling the electric machine, injecting a first voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the first voltage waveform has a first fundamental frequency and includes a component along a first axis of the reference frame and a component along a second axis being orthogonal to the first axis, and wherein the first voltage waveform is such that it effects the torque from the machine to vary between at least one positive torque value and at least one negative torque value and that the mean output torque is zero, injecting a second voltage waveform into the power converter, wherein the second voltage waveform has a second fundamental frequency and includes a component which is offset with an offset angle δθ with respect to the first axis in the reference frame, determining a resulting second axis current in the power converter at the second fundamental frequency, adjusting, for each torque value, the offset angle δθ so that the resulting second axis current at the second fundamental frequency becomes zero, and storing a respective plurality of offset angle δθ values, and estimating the position of the rotor based on the plurality of offset angle values.