# US 11,115,757 B2 · Optical mandrel, optical-fiber assembly including an optical mandrel, and system for detecting an acoustic signal incident on an optical-fiber assembly

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- Number: US 11,115,757 B2
- Document ID: US11115757B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/563,578
- Filed: 2019-09-06
- Published: 2020-03-19
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2018-09-06
- Assignees: Adelos, Inc.
- Applicants: Adelos, Inc.
- Inventors: Stephen Timothy Doll; Peter S. Lovely; James Alexander Philip; John R. Providenza; Timothy N. Roberts; Leon J. Stevens; Philip J. Stimac
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11115757B2

## CPC

- G01L 1/246: {using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings}
- H04R 23/008: {using optical signals for detecting or generating sound}
- G01H 9/004: {using fibre optic sensors (light guides per se G02B6/00, acousto-optical devices specially adapted for gating or modulating in optical wave guides G02F1/125)}
- G01H 9/006: {the vibrations causing a variation in the relative position of the end of a fibre and another element}
- G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G)
- H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K)
- G01H: MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES

## Abstract

An embodiment of a system includes a light source, an optical assembly, and an electronic circuit. The light source (e.g., a laser) is configured to generate a source optical signal. The optical assembly is configured to direct the source optical signal into an end of an optical-fiber assembly that includes an optical fiber having a section wrapped multiple turns around a mandrel and including mandrel zones, and to receive, from the end of the optical-fiber assembly, a return optical signal. The electronic circuit is configured to select at least one mandrel zone in response to a component of the return optical signal from the at least one mandrel zone, and to detect an acoustic signal incident on the mandrel in response to the component of the return optical signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system, comprising:
a light source configured to generate a source optical signal;
an optical assembly configured
to direct the source optical signal into an end of an optical-fiber assembly that includes an optical fiber having at least one section each wrapped multiple turns around a respective one of at least one mandrel and each including respective mandrel zones, and
to receive, from the end of the optical-fiber assembly, a return optical signal; and
an electronic circuit configured
to select a first mandrel zone of one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a first component of the return optical signal redirected by the first mandrel zone, and
to detect an acoustic signal incident on the one of the at least one mandrel around which the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber is wound in response to the first component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the electronic circuit is further configured to select the first mandrel zone in response to the first component of the return optical signal having a characteristic that is closer to a target than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the electronic circuit is further configured to select the first mandrel zone in response to the first component of the return optical signal having a lower noise component than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the electronic circuit is further configured to select the first mandrel zone in response to the first component of the return optical signal having a higher optical power than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select a second mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a second component of the return optical signal redirected by the second mandrel zone, and
to detect the acoustic signal in response to the second component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along a half of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select a second mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a second component of the return optical signal redirected by the second mandrel zone, the second mandrel zone is located along another half of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first and second components of the return optical signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along a half of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select a second mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a second component of the return optical signal redirected by the second mandrel zone, the second mandrel zone is located along another half of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension,
to determine respective first and second values of a characteristic of the first and second components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a combination of the first and second values.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along a half of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select a second mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a second component of the return optical signal redirected by the second mandrel zone, the second mandrel zone is located along another half of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension,
to determine respective first and second phases of the first and second components of the return optical signal,
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between the first and second phases.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along a half of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone in response to the first component of the return optical signal having a lower noise component than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the half of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select a second mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another half of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to a second component of the return optical signal redirected by the second mandrel zone having a lower noise component than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other half of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective first and second phases of the first and second components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between the first and second phases.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along a half of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone in response to the first component of the return optical signal having a higher optical power than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the half of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select a second mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another half of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to a second component of the return optical signal redirected by the second mandrel zone having a higher optical power than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other half of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective first and second phases of the first and second components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between the first and second phases.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a combination of the first, second, and third phases.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between a sum of the first and second phases and a sum of the third phases.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between an average of the first and second phases and an average of the third phases.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a combination of the first, second, and third phases.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between a sum of the first and second phases and a sum of the third phases.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension; and
the electronic circuit is further configured:
to select the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to select third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel,
to determine respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal, and
to determine that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between an average of the first and second phases and an average of the third phases.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, further comprising the optical-fiber assembly.

### Claim 18

A method, comprising:
directing a source optical signal into an end of an optical-fiber assembly that includes an optical fiber having at least one section each wrapped multiple turns around a respective one of at least one mandrel and each including respective mandrel zones;
receiving, from the end of the optical-fiber assembly, a return optical signal;
selecting a first mandrel zone of one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a first component of the return optical signal redirected by the first mandrel zone; and
determining that an acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel around which the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber is wrapped in response to the first component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising determining a frequency of the acoustic signal in response to the first component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising determining a strength of the acoustic signal in response to the first component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 21 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising determining an amplitude of the acoustic signal in response to the first component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 22 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising determining a power of the acoustic signal in response to the first component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 23 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
selecting a second mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a second component of the return optical signal redirected by the second mandrel zone; and
determining that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the second component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 24 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
wherein the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension;
selecting the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
selecting third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
determining respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal; and
determining that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a combination of the first, second, and third phases.

### Claim 25 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
wherein the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension;
selecting the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
selecting third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
determining respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal; and
determining that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between a sum of the first and second phases and a sum of the third phases.

### Claim 26 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
wherein the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension;
selecting the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
selecting third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having lower noise components than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
determining respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal; and
determining that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between an average of the first and second phases and an average of the third phases.

### Claim 27 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
wherein the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension;
selecting the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
selecting third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
determining respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal;
determining that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a combination of the first, second, and third phases.

### Claim 28 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
wherein the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension;
selecting the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
selecting third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
determining respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal; and
determining that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between a sum of the first and second phases and a sum of the third phases.

### Claim 29 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
wherein the first mandrel zone is located along an end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in a lengthwise dimension;
selecting the first mandrel zone and at least one second mandrel zone located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in response to the first component of the return optical signal and at least one second component of the return optical signal respectively redirected by the at least one second mandrel zone having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
selecting third mandrel zones of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along another end third of the one of the at least one mandrel in the lengthwise dimension in response to third components of the return optical signal redirected by the third mandrel zones having higher optical powers than at least one other component of the return optical signal each redirected by a respective other mandrel zone of the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber located along the other end third of the one of the at least one mandrel;
determining respective phases of the first, second, and third phases of the first, second, and third components of the return optical signal; and
determining that the acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel in response to a difference between an average of the first and second phases and an average of the third phases.

### Claim 30

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing data that when executed by, or used to configure, an electronic circuit causes the electronic circuit, or one or more other electronic circuits under the control of the electronic circuit:
to direct a source optical signal into an end of an optical-fiber assembly that includes an optical fiber having at least one section each wrapped multiple turns around a respective one of at least one mandrel and each including respective mandrel zones;
to receive, from the end of the optical-fiber assembly, a return optical signal;
to select a first mandrel zone of one of the at least one section of the optical fiber in response to a first component of the return optical signal redirected by the first mandrel zone; and
to determine that an acoustic signal is incident on the one of the at least one mandrel around which the one of the at least one section of the optical fiber is wrapped in response to the first component of the return optical signal.

### Claim 31 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1 wherein:
the optical assembly is further configured
to modulate the source optical signal with a correlation code, and
to direct the source optical signal by directing the modulated source optical signal into the end of the optical-fiber assembly; and
the electronic circuit is further configured to generate the first component of the return optical signal by demodulating the return optical signal with the correlation code.

### Claim 32 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
modulating the source optical signal in response to a correlation code;
wherein directing the source optical signal includes directing the modulated source optical signal into the end of the optical-fiber assembly; and
demodulating the return optical signal in response to the correlation code to generate the first component of the return optical signal.