# US 11,115,092 B2 · Apparatus, system and method of communicating according to a transmit space-frequency diversity scheme

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- Number: US 11,115,092 B2
- Document ID: US11115092B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/563,892
- Filed: 2019-09-08
- Published: 2020-01-09
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2016-03-09
- Assignees: Intel Corporation
- Applicants: Intel Corporation
- Inventors: Artyom Lomayev; Alexander Maltsev; Michael Genossar; Carlos Cordeiro
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11115092B2

## CPC

- H04B 7/06: at the transmitting station
- H04L 1/1819: {with retransmission of additional or different redundancy}
- H04L 5/001: {the frequencies being arranged in component carriers}
- H04L 5/0023: {Time-frequency-space}
- H04L 5/0094: {Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated}
- H04L 27/18: Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying (H04L27/32 takes precedence)
- H04L 27/34: Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04W 72/1263: Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
- H04B 7/0413: MIMO systems
- H04L 5/0007: {the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT}
- H04L 27/2601: {Multicarrier modulation systems}
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

For example, a wireless station may be configured to modulate a plurality of data bit sequences into a plurality of data blocks according to a dual carrier modulation, to map the plurality of data blocks to a plurality of spatial streams according to a space-time diversity scheme, and to transmit a MIMO transmission based on the plurality of spatial streams.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
memory circuitry; and
a processor comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to:
modulate encoded data bits into a plurality of data blocks according to a Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM), a data block of the plurality of data blocks comprising a plurality of pairs of complex constellation points;
map the plurality of data blocks to a first stream and a second stream,
wherein a first pair of complex constellation points in a first data block of the plurality of data blocks is mapped to two first pairs of encoded points over two first pairs of data subcarriers, one pair of the two first pairs of encoded points comprises the first pair of complex constellation points, another pair of the two first pairs of encoded points comprises a complex conjugate of the first pair of complex constellation points, one pair of the two first pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the first stream, another pair of the two first pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a second OFDM symbol in the second stream, wherein P(k) is a predefined function of k,
and wherein a second pair of complex constellation points in a second data block of the plurality of data blocks is mapped to two second pairs of encoded points over two second pairs of data subcarriers, one pair of the two second pairs of encoded points comprises the second pair of complex constellation points, another pair of the two second pairs of encoded points comprises a sign-inversed complex conjugate of the second pair of complex constellation points, one pair of the two second pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a second OFDM symbol in the first stream, another pair of the two second pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a first OFDM symbol in the second stream; and
transmit an OFDM transmission over a wireless communication channel in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), the OFDM transmission based on the first and second streams.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the STA to determine a pair of complex constellation points in the plurality of pairs of complex constellation points based on a pair of consecutive data bits of the encoded data bits.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause the STA to modulate the pair of consecutive data bits into a first constellation point:
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
0
-
1
)
+
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
1
-
1
)
)
and into a second constellation point:
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
0
-
1
)
-
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
1
-
1
)
)
wherein c0 denotes a first data bit of the pair of consecutive data bits, and c1 denotes a second data bit of the pair of consecutive data bits.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the STA to determine a pair of complex constellation points in the plurality of pairs of complex constellation points based on four consecutive data bits of the encoded data bits.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4 configured to cause the STA to modulate the four consecutive data bits into a first Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) point:
x
0
=
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
0
-
1
)
+
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
2
-
1
)
)
and into a second QPSK point:
x
1
=
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
1
-
1
)
+
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
3
-
1
)
)
and to generate a first constellation point, denoted s0, and a second constellation point, denoted s1, as follows:
[
s
0
s
1
]
=
1
5
⁡
[
1
2
-
2
1
]
×
[
x
0
x
1
]
wherein c0 denotes a first data bit of the four consecutive data bits, c1 denotes a second data bit of the four consecutive data bits, c3 denotes a third data bit of the four consecutive data bits, and c4 denotes a fourth data bit of the four consecutive data bits.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein P(k) is a sum of k and half of a number of subcarriers.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein P(k)=k+168.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the DCM comprises a DCM Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the DCM comprises a DCM Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a radio, the processor configured to cause the radio to transmit the OFDM transmission.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10 comprising one or more antennas connected to the radio, and another processor to execute instructions of an operating system.

### Claim 12

A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to:
modulate encoded data bits into a plurality of data blocks according to a Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM), a data block of the plurality of data blocks comprising a plurality of pairs of complex constellation points;
map the plurality of data blocks to a first stream and a second stream,
wherein a first pair of complex constellation points in a first data block of the plurality of data blocks is mapped to two first pairs of encoded points over two first pairs of data subcarriers, one pair of the two first pairs of encoded points comprises the first pair of complex constellation points, another pair of the two first pairs of encoded points comprises a complex conjugate of the first pair of complex constellation points, one pair of the two first pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the first stream, another pair of the two first pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a second OFDM symbol in the second stream, wherein P(k) is a predefined function of k,
and wherein a second pair of complex constellation points in a second data block of the plurality of data blocks is mapped to two second pairs of encoded points over two second pairs of data subcarriers, one pair of the two second pairs of encoded points comprises the second pair of complex constellation points, another pair of the two second pairs of encoded points comprises a sign-inversed complex conjugate of the second pair of complex constellation points, one pair of the two second pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a second OFDM symbol in the first stream, another pair of the two second pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a first OFDM symbol in the second stream; and
transmit an OFDM transmission over a wireless communication channel in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), the OFDM transmission based on the first and second streams.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The product of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to determine a pair of complex constellation points in the plurality of pairs of complex constellation points based on a pair of consecutive data bits of the encoded data bits.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The product of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to modulate the pair of consecutive data bits into a first constellation point:
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
0
-
1
)
+
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
1
-
1
)
)
and into a second constellation point:
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
0
-
1
)
-
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
1
-
1
)
)
wherein c0 denotes a first data bit of the pair of consecutive data bits, and c1 denotes a second data bit of the pair of consecutive data bits.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The product of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to determine a pair of complex constellation points in the plurality of pairs of complex constellation points based on four consecutive data bits of the encoded data bits.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The product of claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to modulate the four consecutive data bits into a first Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) point:
x
0
=
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
0
-
1
)
+
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
2
-
1
)
)
and into a second QPSK point:
x
1
=
1
2
⁢
(
(
2
⁢
c
1
-
1
)
+
j
⁡
(
2
⁢
c
3
-
1
)
)
and to generate a first constellation point, denoted s0, and a second constellation point, denoted s1, as follows:
[
s
0
s
1
]
=
1
5
⁡
[
1
2
-
2
1
]
×
[
x
0
x
1
]
wherein c0 denotes a first data bit of the four consecutive data bits, c1 denotes a second data bit of the four consecutive data bits, c3 denotes a third data bit of the four consecutive data bits, and c4 denotes a fourth data bit of the four consecutive data bits.

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

The product of claim 12, wherein P(k) is a sum of k and half of a number of subcarriers.

### Claim 18 (depends on 12)

The product of claim 12, wherein P(k)=k+168.

### Claim 19 (depends on 12)

The product of claim 12, wherein the DCM comprises a DCM Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation.

### Claim 20 (depends on 12)

The product of claim 12, wherein the DCM comprises a DCM Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation.

### Claim 21

An apparatus of a wireless communication station (STA), the apparatus comprising:
means for modulating encoded data bits into a plurality of data blocks according to a Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM), a data block of the plurality of data blocks comprising a plurality of pairs of complex constellation points;
means for mapping the plurality of data blocks to a first stream and a second stream,
wherein a first pair of complex constellation points in a first data block of the plurality of data blocks is mapped to two first pairs of encoded points over two first pairs of data subcarriers, one pair of the two first pairs of encoded points comprises the first pair of complex constellation points, another pair of the two first pairs of encoded points comprises a complex conjugate of the first pair of complex constellation points, one pair of the two first pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the first stream, another pair of the two first pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a second OFDM symbol in the second stream, wherein P(k) is a predefined function of k,
and wherein a second pair of complex constellation points in a second data block of the plurality of data blocks is mapped to two second pairs of encoded points over two second pairs of data subcarriers, one pair of the two second pairs of encoded points comprises the second pair of complex constellation points, another pair of the two second pairs of encoded points comprises a sign-inversed complex conjugate of the second pair of complex constellation points, one pair of the two second pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a second OFDM symbol in the first stream, another pair of the two second pairs of data subcarriers comprises a k-th subcarrier and a P(k)-th subcarrier in a first OFDM symbol in the second stream; and
means for causing the STA to transmit an OFDM transmission over a wireless communication channel in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), the OFDM transmission based on the first and second streams.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The apparatus of claim 21 comprising means for determining a pair of complex constellation points in the plurality of pairs of complex constellation points based on a pair of consecutive data bits of the encoded data bits.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

The apparatus of claim 21 comprising means for determining a pair of complex constellation points in the plurality of pairs of complex constellation points based on four consecutive data bits of the encoded data bits.