# US 11,115,090 B2 · Apparatus and method for jammer resistant protocol stack design

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- Number: US 11,115,090 B2
- Document ID: US11115090B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/075,045
- Filed: 2020-10-20
- Published: 2021-04-22
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2019-10-21
- Assignees: Andro Computational Solutions, LLC
- Applicants: ANDRO Computational Solutions
- Inventors: Anu Jagannath; Jithin Jagannath; Andrew Drozd
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11115090B2

## CPC

- H04B 7/0456: Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
- H04B 7/0669: {using different channel coding between antennas (space-time coding H04L1/0618)}
- G05D 1/0214: {in accordance with safety or protection criteria, e.g. avoiding hazardous areas (monitoring the location of vehicles within a certain area, e.g. forbidden or allowed areas, in traffic control systems for road vehicles G08G1/13)}
- G05D 1/0268: {using internal positioning means}
- H04B 7/0413: MIMO systems
- H04L 1/005: {Iterative decoding, including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation}
- H04L 1/0625: {Transmitter arrangements}
- H04L 1/0668: {Orthogonal systems, e.g. using Alamouti codes}
- H04L 27/3405: {Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power}
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- G05D: SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

An apparatus and method for providing a protocol stack design which resists active jammers. The apparatus including a transmitter component, the transmitter component including: a rate-2 orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) encoder for processing a set of information symbols to produce a set of encoded signals; a precoder module coupled to an output of the rate-2 OSTBC encoder for modifying a signal-to-jammer plus noise ratio (SJNR) of the set of encoded signals; and an eigen-beamformer module coupled to an output of the precoder module, and configured to generate a set of symbols for transmission via a set of eigenmodes of a channel covariance matrix for the transceiver.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A communication system, comprising:
a transceiver assembly including a transmitter component, the transmitter component comprising:
a rate-2 orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) encoder for processing a set of information symbols to produce a set of encoded signals;
a precoder module coupled to an output of the rate-2 OSTBC encoder for modifying a signal-to-jammer plus noise ratio (SJNR) of the set of encoded signals; and
an eigen-beamformer module coupled to an output of the precoder module, and configured to generate a set of symbols for transmission via a set of eigenmodes of a channel covariance matrix for the transceiver assembly.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The communication system of claim 1, further comprising a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system architecture.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The communication system of claim 1, wherein the precoder module further comprises:
a full-band precoder configured to raise a signal power on all subcarriers of the transmitter component; and
a multi-band precoder configured to raise a signal power on a subset of the subcarriers of the transmitter component.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The communication system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter component further comprises:
a forward error correction (FEC) encoder for FEC encoding a set of input bits; and
a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator coupled to an input of the rate-2 OSTBC encoder for QAM modulating an output of the FEC encoder to generate the set of information symbols.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The communication system of claim 4, wherein the FEC encoder comprises a Turbo encoder.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The communication system of claim 1, wherein the transceiver assembly is coupled to an unmanned vehicle.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The communication system of claim 6, further comprising a jammer localization module configured to direct the unmanned vehicle away from a jamming source.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The communication system of claim 1, further comprising a communication protocol stack communicatively coupled to the transmitter component, the communication protocol stack configured to switch the transmitter component between direct link and multihop link operating modes based on a detected jamming signal or a channel condition of a communications channel.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The communication system of claim 4, further comprising a communication protocol stack communicatively coupled to the transmitter component, the communication protocol stack configured to modify a modulation order of the QAM modulator of the transmitter component based on a channel condition of a communications channel.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The communication system of claim 1, wherein the transceiver assembly further includes a receiver component, the receiver component further comprising:
a decoder module for decoding a set of received symbols;
a beamformed OSTBC decoder coupled to an output of the decoder module;
a QAM demodulator coupled to an output of the beamformed OSTBC decoder; and
an FEC decoder coupled to an output of the decoder for outputting a set of decoded bits.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The communication system of claim 1, further comprising a mobile ad hoc network comprising a plurality of the transceiver assemblies.

### Claim 12

A method for transmitting a signal via a transmitter component of a transceiver assembly, the method comprising:
converting a set of information symbols into a set of corresponding orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) symbols;
precoding the set of OSTBC symbols to increase a signal to jammer noise ratio (SJNR) of the OSTBC symbols; and
generating, via an eigen-beamformer, the signal for transmission based on the precoded OSTBC symbols, the eigen-beamformer being configured to generate the signal via a set of eigenmodes of a channel covariance matrix for the transceiver assembly.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein precoding the set of OSTBC symbols further comprises:
precoding, via a full-band decoder, the set of OSTBC symbols to raise a signal power on all subcarriers of the transmitter component; and
precoding, via a multi-band precoder, the set of OSTBC symbols to raise a signal power on a subset of the subcarriers of the transmitter component.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further comprising:
forward error correction (FEC) encoding a set of input bits; and
quadrature amplitude modulating the FEC encoded input bits to generate the set of information symbols.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further comprising modifying a modulation order of the quadrature amplitude modulating based on a channel condition of a communications channel.

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further comprising switching the transmitter component between direct link and multihop link operating modes based on a detected jamming signal or a channel condition of a communications channel.

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further comprising:
localizing an incoming jammer signal; and
moving the transmitting component away from the incoming jammer signal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, further comprising establishing a mobile ad hoc network with adaptive routing using a plurality of the transceiver assemblies.

### Claim 19

An adaptive transmitter, comprising:
a forward error correction (FEC) encoder for FEC encoding a set of input bits;
a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator for QAM modulating an output of the FEC encoder to generate a set of information symbols;
a rate-2 orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) encoder for processing the set of information symbols to produce a set of encoded signals;
a precoder module coupled to an output of the rate-2 OSTBC encoder for modifying a signal-to-jammer plus noise ratio (SJNR) of the set of encoded signals, the precoder module including a full-band precoder and a multi-band precoder; and
an eigen-beamformer module coupled to an output of the precoder module, and configured to generate a set of symbols for transmission via a set of eigenmodes of a channel covariance matrix for the transmitter.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The adaptive transmitter of claim 19, further comprising a communication protocol stack communicatively coupled to the transmitter, the communication protocol stack configured to:
switch the transmitter between direct link and multihop link operating modes based on a detected jamming signal or a channel condition of a communications channel; and/or
modify a modulation order of the QAM modulator of the transmitter based on a channel condition of a communications channel.

### Claim 21

A transmitter, comprising:
an orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) encoder for processing a set of information symbols to produce a set of encoded signals;
a precoder for modifying a signal-to-jammer plus noise ratio (SJNR) of the set of encoded signals to produce a set of precoded signals; and
an eigen-beamformer configured to generate, based on the set of precoded signals, a set of symbols for transmission via a set of eigenmodes of a channel covariance matrix.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The transmitter of claim 21, further comprising a system for:
detecting at least one of a detected jamming signal or a channel condition of a communications channel; and
automatically switching the transmitter between a direct link operating mode and a multihop link operating mode based on at least one of the detected jamming signal or the detected channel condition of the communications channel.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The transmitter according to claim 22, further comprising a system for modifying a modulation order of a quadrature amplitude modulator of the transmitter based on a detected channel condition of the communications channel.