# US 11,114,899 B2 · Wireless system for improving performance and prolonging battery lifetime of node by energy harvesting

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- Number: US 11,114,899 B2
- Document ID: US11114899B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/612,055
- Filed: 2018-05-08
- Published: 2020-05-28
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2017-05-08
- Assignees: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Applicants: Indian Institute of Tehcnology Delhi
- Inventors: Shankar Prakriya; Sudhakar Modem
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11114899B2

## CPC

- H02J 50/20: using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H01M 10/46: Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus (circuits for charging H02J7/00)
- H02J 7/345: {using capacitors as storage or buffering devices}
- H02J 7/92: with prioritisation of loads or sources
- H02J 50/001: {Energy harvesting or scavenging}
- H02J 50/27: characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
- H02J 50/50: using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
- H02J 7/00: Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H04L 5/0057: {Physical resource allocation for CQI}
- Y02B 40/00: Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

In wireless system, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting addresses the problem of limited battery lifetime in wireless nodes. In this invention, a wireless system for improving performance and prolonging battery life time of node, a battery assisted relay (2) framework is introduced. In this battery assisted relay framework, the energy harvested (EH) relay (2) augments the harvested energy with energy drawn from the battery (10) so as to prolong the battery life. Thus the following optimizations become relevant (i) maximizing throughput performance by using fixed small amount of battery energy in every signaling interval, (ii) minimizing battery energy consumption with predefined throughput performance requirement by optimizing a fixed charging time and energy together (best statistically optimum fixed charging time and energy drawn are determined), (iii) minimizing battery energy consumption by allowing channel-dependent energy harvesting duration, and (iv) minimizing battery energy consumption by drawing energy from the battery dependent on channel values. The suggested method and system can increase throughput as well as battery lifetimes, and are thus of practical value.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A wireless system for improving performance and prolonging battery lifetime of a node by energy harvesting, the wireless system comprising:
at least a source node configured to provide RF signals;
at least a destination node configured to receive the RF signals transmitted from the source node;
a relay in communication with the source node and the destination node, where the source node is configured for communicating with the destination node via the relay for a Time “T”, where the Time “T” has a first signaling phase, a second signaling phase, and a third signaling phase, the relay comprising:
an energy harvesting unit comprising an energy storage element, configured for harvesting an energy from the source node in the first signaling phase and storing the energy in the energy storage element;
an information processing unit configured for decoding the RF signal received from the source node in the second signaling phase and transferring the decoded RF signal to the destination node;
a battery energy control unit having a battery, configured for controlling an amount of energy to be withdrawn from the battery;
a central controlling unit in communication with the energy harvesting unit, the battery energy control unit, and the information processing unit, configured for optimizing a fraction of Time “T” apportioned to the first signaling phase for optimizing harvested energy stored via the energy harvesting unit and for transferring the decoded RF signal from the information processing unit to the destination node in the third signaling phase with (i) the harvested energy from the energy harvesting unit augmented with (ii) energy withdrawn from the battery via the battery energy control unit.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the battery energy control unit extracts the energy from the battery as specified by the central controlling unit.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the relay uses a Time switching relay (TSR) protocol.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the relay comprises a switching circuit for switching the relay from the energy harvesting unit to the information processing unit, after harvesting the energy from the source.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the energy harvesting unit comprises a matching circuit and 3 stage voltage multiplier.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage element comprises a super capacitor.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the central controlling unit optimizes the fraction of Time “T” so that the harvested energy is optimally stored within the Energy storage element.

### Claim 8

A method for improving performance and prolonging battery lifetime of a node by energy harvesting in wireless system, the method comprising:
providing an RF signal by a source node;
receiving the RF signal from the source node by a destination node;
configuring a relay in such a way so that the relay communicates with the source node and the destination node, and configuring the source node in such a way such that the source node communicates with the destination node via the relay for a Time “T”, the Time “T” having a first signaling phase, a second signaling phase and a third signaling phase, and the relay comprising: an energy harvesting unit, an information processing unit, a battery control unit, and a central controlling unit;
via the energy harvesting unit, harvesting energy from the source node RF signal and storing the harvested energy in a storage element in the first signaling phase by an energy harvesting unit;
via the information processing unit, decoding the RF signal from the source node by an information processing unit in the second signaling phase;
via the battery control unit, controlling an amount of energy to be extracted from a battery by a battery control unit; and
via the central controlling unit, optimizing a fraction of the time “T” apportioned to the first signaling phase for optimizing harvested energy by the central controlling unit, the central controlling unit in communication with the energy harvesting unit, the information processing unit, and the battery control unit for transferring the decoded RF signal from the information processing unit to the destination node by augmenting (i) the harvested energy from the energy harvesting unit with (ii) the battery energy from the battery control unit in the third signaling phase.