# US 11,114,672 B2 · Carbon catalyst, battery electrode, and battery

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 11,114,672 B2
- Document ID: US11114672B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/302,031
- Filed: 2017-06-01
- Published: 2019-06-20
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2016-06-02
- Assignees: Nisshinbo Holdings Inc.; National University Corporation Gunma University
- Applicants: Nisshinbo Holdings Inc.; National University Corporation Gunma University
- Inventors: Yoshikazu Kobayashi; Yuji Kubota; Jun-ichi Ozaki; Takafumi Ishii; Takuya Maie
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11114672B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/96: Carbon-based electrodes
- B01J 23/80: with zinc, cadmium or mercury
- C01B 32/05: Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
- H01M 4/8652: {as mixture}
- H01M 4/8668: {Binders}
- H01M 4/90: Selection of catalytic material
- H01M 4/9041: {Metals or alloys (H01M4/92 takes precedence)}
- H01M 4/9083: {on carbon or graphite}
- H01M 8/10: Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M 2004/8689: {Positive electrodes}
- H01M 2008/1095: {Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes}
- Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- C01B: NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; {METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C}
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A carbon catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery, each exhibits excellent catalytic performance. A carbon catalyst contains two kinds of transition metals and has such a carbon structure that an interplanar spacing d002, which is determined from a Bragg angle of one of three diffraction peaks fbroad, fmiddle, and fnarrow obtained by separating a diffraction peak around a diffraction angle (2θ) of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern of powder X-ray diffraction with a CuKα ray, the one diffraction peak being the diffraction peak fbroad, is 0.374 nm or more.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A carbon catalyst, comprising:
two kinds of transition metals; and
a carbon structure having an interplanar spacing d002 of 0.374 nm or more, the interplanar spacing d002 being determined from a Bragg angle of a diffraction peak fbroad which is one of three diffraction peaks fbrothreead, fmiddle, and fnarrow obtained by separating a diffraction peak around a diffraction angle (2θ) of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the carbon structure by powder X-ray diffraction with a CuKα ray, wherein:
the diffraction peak fbroad has a diffraction angle (2θ) of 24.0°±4.0°,
the diffraction peak fmiddle has a diffraction angle (2θ) of 26.2°±0.3°, and
the diffraction fnarrow peak has a diffraction angle (2θ) of 26.5°±0.5°.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The carbon catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbon structure has a crystallite size Lc of 1.19 nm or more and 2.17 nm or less, the crystallite size Lc being determined from the Bragg angle of the diffraction peak fbroad.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The carbon catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbon structure has a crystallite size La of 2.39 nm or more and 2.89 nm or less, the crystallite size La being determined from a Bragg angle of a carbon (100) diffraction line f100 obtained by separating a diffraction peak around a diffraction angle (2θ) of 45° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of powder X-ray diffraction with a CuKα ray.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The carbon catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbon structure has an average carbon network plane size L of 10 nm or more and 40 nm or less, the average carbon network plane size L being determined by temperature-programmed desorption analysis allowing a temperature increase up to 1,600° C.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The carbon catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbon catalyst exhibits a voltage EO2 of 0.820 V (vs. NHE) or more at a reduction current of −10 μA/cm2 in an oxygen reduction voltammogram obtained by sweeping potential using a rotating disc electrode apparatus having a working electrode containing the carbon catalyst.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The carbon catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbon catalyst exhibits an absolute value of a current density i0.7 (mA/cm2) of 0.92 or more at a voltage of 0.7 V (vs. NHE) in an oxygen reduction voltammogram obtained by sweeping potential using a rotating disc electrode apparatus having a working electrode containing the carbon catalyst.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The carbon catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbon catalyst comprises, as the two kinds of transition metals, two kinds of transition metals selected from a group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

A battery electrode, comprising the carbon catalyst of claim 1.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

A battery, comprising the battery electrode of claim 8.