# US 11,114,660 B1 · Silicon anodes with water-soluble maleic anhydride-, and/or maleic acid-containing polymers/copolymers, derivatives, and/or combinations (with or without additives) as binders

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- Number: US 11,114,660 B1
- Document ID: US11114660B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 16/925,093
- Filed: 2020-07-09
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2020-07-09
- Assignees: Enevate Corporation
- Applicants: Enevate Corporation
- Inventors: Liwen Ji; Younes Ansari; Sanjaya D. Perera; Benjamin Park
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11114660B1

## CPC

- H01M 4/134: Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
- H01M 4/386: {Silicon or alloys based on silicon}
- H01M 4/0404: {by coating on electrode collectors}
- H01M 4/622: {being polymers}
- H01M 4/625: {Carbon or graphite}
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Systems and methods for batteries comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, wherein the anode is a Si-dominant anode that utilizes water-soluble maleic anhydride- and/or maleic acid-containing polymers/co-polymers, derivatives, and/or combinations (with or without additives) as binders.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A battery electrode, the electrode comprising an electrode coating layer comprising from about 1 wt % to 95 wt % Si;
wherein said electrode coating layer further comprises a water-soluble maleic anhydride- or maleic acid-containing polymer binder; and wherein said polymer binder comprises Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride); Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid); Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) sodium salts; Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), partial isobutyl esters; Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), partial isobutyl/methyl mixed esters; Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride), partial methyl esters; Poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride); Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene); Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride); Polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride; Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride; Polyisoprene-graft-maleic anhydride; or Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene-graft-maleic anhydride; and
wherein said polymer binder further comprises a functional compound additive, wherein said functional compound additive comprises cyclodextrin-based compounds or tannic acid.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electrode according to claim 1, wherein said polymer binder comprises a lithium salt of a maleic anhydride- or maleic acid-containing polymer.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The electrode according to claim 1, wherein said polymer binder further comprises a conductive additive, wherein said conductive additive comprises Super P carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanofibers, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, porous carbons and/or other types of zero-, one-, two-, or three-dimensional carbon materials.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the electrode coating layer comprises more than 70% silicon.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the battery electrode is in a lithium ion battery.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the electrode coating layer is pyrolyzed.

### Claim 7

A method of forming a battery electrode, the method comprising:
creating an electrode coating layer from an electrode slurry comprising an aqueous solution of a maleic anhydride- or maleic acid-containing polymer binder and about 1 wt % to 95 wt % Si powder, with optional additives;
fabricating a battery electrode by coating the slurry on a current collector; and
pyrolyzing said electrode coating layer; wherein said polymer binder comprises Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride); Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid); Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) sodium salts; Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), partial isobutyl esters; Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), partial isobutyl/methyl mixed esters; Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride), partial methyl esters; Poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride); Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene); Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride); Polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride; Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride; Polyisoprene-graft-maleic anhydride; or Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene-graft-maleic anhydride; and
wherein said polymer binder further comprises a functional compound additive, wherein said functional compound additive comprises cyclodextrin-based compounds or tannic acid.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method according to claim 7, wherein said polymer binder comprises a lithium salt of a maleic anhydride- or maleic acid-containing polymer.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method according to claim 7, wherein said polymer binder further comprises a conductive additive, wherein said conductive additive comprises Super P carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanofibers, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, porous carbons and/or other types of zero-, one-, two-, or three-dimensional carbon materials.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The method according to claim 7, wherein the electrode coating layer comprises more than 70% silicon.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The method according to claim 7, wherein the battery electrode is in a lithium ion battery.