Developing member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic developing member comprising:

• a support having an electro-conductive outer surface and an electro-conductive layer on the electro-conductive outer surface of the support,
• the electro-conductive layer having a matrix comprising a first rubber and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domain each comprising a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent, wherein
• assuming that a metal film is provided on an outer surface of the developing member, and an impedance is measured by applying an alternating current voltage having an amplitude of 1 V between the electro-conductive outer surface of the support and the metal film while varying a frequency between 1.0×10−2 Hz to 1.0×107 Hz under an environment of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, in a double logarithmic plot with a frequency on an abscissa and an impedance on an ordinate, a slope at a frequency of 1.0×106 Hz to 1.0×107 Hz is −0.8 or more and −0.3 or less, and an impedance at a frequency of 1.0×10−2 Hz to 1.0×100 Hz is 1.0×104Ω to 1.0×1011Ω.

An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising a process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic developing member:

• comprising a support having an electro-conductive outer surface and an electro-conductive layer on the electro-conductive outer surface of the support,
• the electro-conductive layer having a matrix comprising a first rubber and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domain each comprising a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent, wherein
• assuming that a metal film is provided on an outer surface of the developing member, and an impedance is measured by applying an alternating current voltage having an amplitude of 1 V between the electro-conductive outer surface of the support and the metal film while varying a frequency between 1.0×10−2 Hz to 1.0×107 Hz under an environment of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, in a double logarithmic plot with a frequency on an abscissa and an impedance on an ordinate, a slope at a frequency of 1.0×106 Hz to 1.0×107 Hz is −0.8 or more and −0.3 or less, and an impedance at a frequency of 1.0×10−2 Hz to 1.0×100 Hz is 1.0×104Ω to 1.0×1011Ω.