# US 11,112,461 B2 · Method for estimating state of charge of energy storage device

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- Number: US 11,112,461 B2
- Document ID: US11112461B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/469,292
- Filed: 2018-01-23
- Published: 2020-01-02
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2017-02-17
- Assignees: LG Chem, Ltd.
- Applicants: LG Chem, Ltd.
- Inventors: Bo Mi Lim; Won Tae Joe
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11112461B2

## CPC

- H02J 7/82: Control of state of charge [SOC]
- G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
- G01R 31/3842: combining voltage and current measurements
- H02J 7/94: in response to battery current
- H02J 7/975: {in response to temperature}
- H02J 7/585: {Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries}
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)

## Abstract

A method for estimating a state of charge of an energy storage system using a voltage modeling technique in which different parameters are used according to a charge/discharge state.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for estimating a state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage system (ESS), the method comprising:
a first step of measuring a current, voltage, and temperature of the energy storage system;
a second step of determining a charge/discharge state on the basis of the current and voltage measured in the first step;
a third step of deriving a state of charge (SOC) parameter according to the charge state or discharge state determined in the second step; and
a fourth step of estimating the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system on the basis of the state of charge (SOC) parameter derived in the third step,
wherein the third step of deriving the state of charge (SOC) parameter includes:
modeling the energy storage system using an R-C circuit; and
deriving the state of charge (SOC) parameter using the following equations:
V
1
'
⁢
(
t
)
=
-
1
R
1
⁢
C
1
⁢
V
1
⁡
(
t
)
-
1
C
1
⁢
i
⁡
(
t
)
+
1
C
1
⁢
w
1
⁡
(
t
)
,
and
⁢
⁢
V
1
⁡
(
t
)
=
V
1
-
R
0
⁢
i
⁡
(
t
)
+
v
⁡
(
t
)
,
and
wherein R1 and C1 are polarization components, w1(t) is a value for compensating for a measurement error, R0 is an internal resistance component of the energy storage system, i(t) is a current measured in the R-C circuit at a time (t), and V1 denotes a polarization voltage, and v(t) is a value for compensating for a measurement error.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first step to the fourth step are repeated for a predetermined estimation period.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein in the third step of deriving the state of charge (SOC) parameter, the state of charge (SOC) parameter is further derived on the basis of the temperature measured in the first step and the state of charge (SOC) estimated during a previous estimation period.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein when the predetermined estimation period is a first estimation period, the state of charge (SOC) is estimated using a current integrating method and a previously estimated state of charge (SOC) is set to the state of charge (SOC) estimated during the previous estimation period.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined estimation period is changed according to the state of charge (SOC).

### Claim 6

A method for estimating a state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage system (ESS), the method comprising:
a state measurement step of measuring a current, voltage, and temperature of the energy storage system;
a state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step of estimating states of charge (SOCs) respectively based on a current integrating method and a voltage modeling technique by applying the current, voltage, and temperature measured in the state measurement step to the current integrating method and the voltage modeling technique;
an error range comparison step of comparing a difference between the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique estimated in the state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step to determine whether the difference exceeds a predetermined error range; and
a final state-of-charge (SOC) calculation step of calculating, when the difference between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique in the error range comparison step, a final state of charge (SOC) by applying a predetermined weight to the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique,
wherein the applying the predetermined weight to the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique includes:
applying an initial ratio between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique; and
adjusting the ratio between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique to the predetermined weight in response to the difference between the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique exceeding the predetermined error range.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step comprises:
a current state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step of estimating the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system by applying the current measured in the state measurement step to the current integrating method; and
a voltage state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step of estimating the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system by applying the current, voltage, and temperature measured in the state measurement step to the voltage modeling technique.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the error range comparison step comprises an estimation number-of-times comparison step of comparing a current state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step with a predetermined number of times of estimation to determine whether the current state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step exceeds the predetermined number of times of estimation,
wherein when the current state-of-charge (SOC) estimation step exceeds the predetermined number of times of estimation, the final state-of-charge (SOC) calculation step is performed.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the initial ratio between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique is 2:1.

### Claim 10

A device for estimating a state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage system (ESS), the device comprising:
a state measurement unit configured to measure a current, voltage, and temperature of the energy storage system;
a state-of-charge (SOC) estimation unit configured to estimate states of charge (SOCs) respectively based on a current integrating method and a voltage modeling technique by applying the current, voltage, and temperature measured in the state measurement unit to the current integrating method and the voltage modeling technique;
an error range comparison unit configured to compare a difference between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique estimated in the state-of-charge (SOC) estimation unit to determine whether the difference exceeds a predetermined error range;
a final state-of-charge (SOC) calculation unit configured to calculate, when the difference between the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique is determined to exceed the predetermined error range in the error range comparison unit, a final state of charge (SOC) by applying a predetermined weight to the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique; and
a memory configured to store each state of charge (SOC) estimated in the state-of-charge (SOC) estimation unit,
wherein the applying the predetermined weight to the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique includes:
applying an initial ratio between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique; and
adjusting the ratio between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique to the predetermined weight in response to the difference between the state of charge of the current integrating method and the state of charge of the voltage modeling technique exceeding the predetermined error range.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The device of claim 10, wherein the state-of-charge (SOC) estimation unit comprises:
a current integrating unit configured to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system by applying the current measured in the state measurement unit to the current integrating method; and
a voltage modeling unit configured to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system by applying the current, voltage, and temperature measured in the state measurement unit to the voltage modeling technique.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The device of claim 11, wherein the voltage modeling unit comprises:
a charge/discharge determination unit configured to determine whether a current state is a charge state or a discharge state on the basis of the current and voltage measured in the state measurement unit;
a parameter deriving unit configured to derive a state-of-charge (SOC) parameter on the basis of the state determined in the charge/discharge determination unit; and
a voltage state-of-charge (SOC) estimation unit configured to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system (ESS) on the basis of the state-of-charge (SOC) parameter derived in the parameter deriving unit.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The device of claim 12, wherein the parameter deriving unit derives the state-of-charge (SOC) parameter on the basis of a temperature measured in a state measurement unit and the state of charge (SOC) stored in the memory and estimated during a previous estimation period.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The device of claim 10, wherein the error range comparison unit further comprises an estimation number-of-times comparison unit configured to compare the number of state-of-charge (SOC) estimations performed by the current integrating unit with a predetermined number of times of estimation to determine whether the number of state-of-charge (SOC) estimations exceeds the predetermined number of times of estimation.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The device of claim 10, wherein the initial ratio between the state of charge (SOC) of the current integrating method and the state of charge (SOC) of the voltage modeling technique is 2:1.