# US 11,112,460 B2 · Lithium battery passivation detection

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- Number: US 11,112,460 B2
- Document ID: US11112460B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/600,209
- Filed: 2019-10-11
- Published: 2020-09-10
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2019-03-06
- Assignees: Johnson Controls Fire Protection LP
- Applicants: Johnson Controls Fire Protection LP
- Inventors: Robert Reginald Albert Feltham; Martin A. Chiarizio; Vyacheslav Voloshin
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11112460B2

## CPC

- G01R 31/3835: involving only voltage measurements
- G01R 31/386: {using test-loads}
- G01R 31/3648: {comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm}
- G01R 31/388: involving voltage measurements
- G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
- H01M 10/4257: {Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries}
- H01M 10/42: Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells (H01M10/60 takes precedence)
- H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569)
- H01M 2010/4278: {Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller}
- H02J 9/04: in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A method for determining lithium battery passivation starts by applying a load across a lithium battery at the start of a test interval. Measurements of the battery's voltage are taken after applying the load, and then again periodically during the test interval. A final measurement of the battery's voltage at the end of the test interval. The state of the battery is then determined based on the first and final measurements, and at least one of the periodic measurements.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for determining lithium battery passivation by a detection circuit coupled with the lithium battery, comprising:
applying a load across the lithium battery to begin a test interval;
obtaining periodic voltage measurements of the lithium battery during the test interval;
determining a state of the lithium battery is a passivation state in response to a voltage change between two of the periodic voltage measurements being greater than or equal to a threshold;
determining the state of the lithium battery is a depletion state in response to the voltage change between the two of the periodic voltage measurements being less than the threshold;
selecting and performing a depassivation process of the lithium battery from a plurality of depassivation processes in response to determining the state to be the passivation state, wherein the depassivation process is selected based on a degree of the passivation state; and
sending a notification of the lithium battery being depleted in response to determining the state to be the depletion state.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the degree of the passivation state of the lithium battery is one of: depassivated, partially passivated, or fully passivated; and
wherein the depletion state of the lithium battery is one of: full capacity, partially depleted, or fully depleted.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the degree of the passivation state based on a second voltage change between a first measurement of the periodic voltage measurements and a final measurement of the periodic voltage measurements being within one of a plurality of passivation ranges.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of passivation ranges includes a first passivation threshold and a second passivation threshold, wherein the method further comprises:
determining the degree of the passivation state is a first degree of passivation in response to the second voltage change being greater than or equal to the first passivation threshold;
determining the degree of the passivation state is a second degree of passivation in response to the second voltage change being between the first passivation threshold and the second passivation threshold; and
determining the degree of the passivation state is a first degree of passivation in response to the second voltage change being less than or equal to the second passivation threshold.

### Claim 5

A method for determining lithium battery passivation by a detection circuit coupled with the lithium battery, comprising:
applying a load in series with the lithium battery;
obtaining a sequence of voltage measurements, periodically during a test interval, of output voltage of the lithium battery across the load;
matching the sequence of voltage measurements against a set of profiles;
determining a state of the lithium battery is a passivation state in response to a profile of the set of profiles most closely matching the sequence of voltage measurements;
determining the state of the lithium battery is a depletion state in response to a second profile of the set of profiles most closely matching the sequence of voltage measurements;
selecting and performing a depassivation process of the lithium battery from a plurality of depassivation processes in response to determining the state to be the passivation state, wherein the depassivation process is selected based on a degree of the passivation state; and
sending a notification of the lithium battery being depleted in response to determining the state to be the depletion state.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the degree of the passivation state of the lithium battery is one of: depassivated, partially passivated, or fully passivated; and
wherein the depletion state of the lithium battery is one of: full capacity, partially depleted, or fully depleted.

### Claim 7

A first device in wireless communication with a second device, the first device comprising:
an electronic circuit;
a lithium battery configured to provide power to the electronic circuit;
a battery test circuit configured to:
obtain periodic voltage measurements taken during a test interval with a load across the lithium battery;
determine a state of the lithium battery is a passivation state in response to a voltage change between two of the periodic voltage measurements being greater than or equal to a threshold; and
determine the state of the lithium battery is a depletion state in response to the voltage change between the two of the periodic voltage measurements being less than the threshold; and
a depassivation circuit configured to:
select and perform a depassivation process of the lithium battery from a plurality of depassivation processes in response to determining the state to be the passivation state, wherein the depassivation process is selected based on a degree of the passivation state; and
send a notification of the lithium battery being depleted in response to determining the state to be the depletion state.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The first device of claim 7, further comprising a microcontroller for operating the battery test circuit and the depassivation circuit.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The first device of claim 7, wherein the first device is a notification appliance that wirelessly communicates with a fire panel, and further is configured to receive power from a main power source, the notification appliance further comprising:
at least one notification annunciator, the notification appliance configured such that the lithium battery supplies power to the at least one notification annunciator when the power from the main power source fails.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The first device of claim 9, wherein at least one notification annunciator is a speaker.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The first device of claim 7, wherein the degree of the passivation state of the lithium battery is one of: depassivated, partially passivated, or fully passivated; and
wherein the depletion state of the lithium battery is one of: full capacity, partially depleted, or fully depleted.