# US 11,112,358 B2 · Brillouin scattering measurement method and Brillouin scattering measurement device

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- Number: US 11,112,358 B2
- Document ID: US11112358B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/341,263
- Filed: 2016-11-01
- Published: 2020-02-06
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2016-11-01
- Assignees: Neubrex Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Neubrex Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Kenichi Nishiguchi; Kinzo Kishida; Yahei Koyamada
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11112358B2

## CPC

- G01N 21/636: {using an arrangement of pump beam and probe beam; using the measurement of optical non-linear properties; (non-linear optics per se G02F1/35)}
- G01B 11/16: for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B 11/161: {by interferometric means}
- G01B 11/18: {using photoelastic elements}
- G01D 5/35364: {using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering}
- G01K 11/32: using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K 11/322: using Brillouin scattering
- G01N 2021/638: {Brillouin effect, e.g. stimulated Brillouin effect}
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- G01B: MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01D: MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00)

## Abstract

In a measurement requiring a high space resolution using S-BOTDR, a pulse train composed of a plurality of pulses having the interval between the pulses longer than the phonon lifetime is interpulse-code-modulated. A Golay code is used for the interpulse code modulation to eliminate the sidelobes of the correlation in using a technique of correlation. In a technique without using correlation, an Hadamard matrix is used for the interpulse code modulation and the resultant matrix is inverted in the signal processing.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A Brillouin scattering measurement method that uses a composite pulse train composed of composite pulses with an interval of the composite pulse train being longer than a phonon lifetime; each composite pulse being formed of two kinds of optical pulses having different durations generated from a laser light from a laser source, by combining both optical pulses as a pair to be located at respective predetermined time positions; and injects the composite pulse train into one end of an optical fiber provided to a measurement object, to measure physical quantities of the measurement object from frequency shift change of Brillouin backscattered light generated by the composite pulse train in the optical fiber, the Brillouin scattering measurement method comprising the steps of:
phase-modulating one of the optical pulses on the basis of two Golay code sequences;
optically heterodyne-receiving the Brillouin backscattered light from each composite pulse with a reference light from the laser light source, to output as a first signal;
heterodyne-receiving the first signal with a signal having a predetermined frequency and then passing the heterodyne-received signal through two kinds of low-pass filters corresponding to the optical pulses, to output the filtered signals as second signals;
calculating, for each Golay code sequence, cross-spectrum of one of the second signals and a complex conjugate signal of the other second signal;
calculating a synthetic spectrum from the calculated cross-spectrum; and
decoding the synthetic spectrum.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The Brillouin scattering measurement method of claim 1, wherein measurement of the Brillouin backscattered light is repeated 210 to 214 times, and polarization detected by the optically heterodyne-receiving is polarization-treated by splitting the detected signal into a polarization-component signal in a direction of an injection plane and a polarization-component signal in a direction orthogonal to the injection plane, and by calculating respective spectra from the polarization-component signals obtained from each measurement, to accumulate the polarization-component spectra, to calculate the synthetic spectrum.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The Brillouin scattering measurement method of claim 2, wherein the synthetic spectrum is calculated by performing phase correction determined from a Kerr effect coefficient, power of the optical pulses, and a distance to a measurement point of the measurement object, and then the phase corrected synthetic spectrum is accumulated or the synthetic spectrum is calculated in a complex form to take an absolute value of the complex-form synthetic spectrum without performing the phase correction and then the absolute value is polarization-treated and accumulated, to calculate finally a synthetic spectrum.

### Claim 4

A Brillouin scattering measurement method that uses a composite pulse train composed of composite pulses with an interval of the composite pulse train longer than a phonon lifetime; each composite pulse being formed of two kinds of optical pulses having different durations generated from a laser light from a laser source, by combining both optical pulses as a pair to be located at respective predetermined time positions; and injects the composite pulse train into one end of an optical fiber provided to a measurement object, to measure physical quantities of the measurement object from frequency shift change of Brillouin backscattered light generated by the composite pulse train in the optical fiber, the Brillouin scattering measurement method comprising the steps of:
phase-modulating one of the optical pulse on the basis of values of each row of a Hadamard matrix;
optically heterodyne-receiving the Brillouin backscattered light from each composite pulse with a reference light from the laser light source;
heterodyne-receiving the first signal with a signal having a predetermined frequency and then passing the heterodyne-received signal through two kinds of low-pass filters corresponding to the optical pulses, to output the filtered signals as second signals;
calculating cross-spectrum of one of the second signals and a complex conjugate signal of the other second signal;
calculating a synthetic spectrum from the calculated cross-spectrum; and
accumulating the synthetic spectrum using an inverted Hadamard matrix and averaging the accumulated synthetic spectrums.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The Brillouin scattering measurement method of claim 4, wherein measurement of the Brillouin backscattered light is repeated 210 to 214 times, and polarization detected by the optically heterodyne-receiving is polarization-treated by splitting the detected signal into a polarization-component signal in a direction of an injection plane and a polarization-component signal in a direction orthogonal to the injection plane, and by calculating respective spectra from the polarization-component signals obtained from each measurement, to accumulate the polarization-component spectra, to calculate the synthetic spectrum.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The Brillouin scattering measurement method of claim 5, wherein the synthetic spectrum is calculated by performing phase correction determined from a Kerr effect coefficient, power of the optical pulses, and a distance to a measurement point of the measurement object, and then the phase corrected synthetic spectrum is accumulated or the synthetic spectrum is calculated in a complex form to take an absolute value of the complex-form synthetic spectrum without performing the phase correction and then the absolute value is polarization-treated and accumulated, to calculate finally a synthetic spectrum.

### Claim 7

A Brillouin scattering measurement system configured to measure a frequency shift of Brillouin backscattered light, comprising:
a laser light source;
a probe light generator configured to generate a probe light for measuring physical quantities of a measurement object, the probe light generator including:
a pulse generator generating, from a laser light from the laser light source, two kinds of optical pulses having durations different from each other;
a phase selector having a plurality of pieces of phase information based on two Golay code sequences, and selecting a piece of the phase information to be sent;
a phase shifter phase-modulating one of the optical pulses to impart to the one optical pulse the pieces of phase information received from the phase selector; and
a pulse combiner combining as a pair the phase-modulated pulse and the other pulse and locates both pulses at respective predetermined time positions,
an optical heterodyne receiver optically heterodyne-receiving with a reference light from the laser light source a Brillouin backscattered light generated by the probe light injected into an optical fiber provided to the measurement object;
a heterodyne receiver heterodyne-receiving the signal output from the optical heterodyne receiver with a signal having a predetermined frequency from an oscillator; and
a signal processor passing the signal output from the heterodyne receiver through low-pas filters corresponding to the short pulse and the long pulse, and calculating respective spectra of the filtered signals, to calculate a cross-spectrum of the spectra.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The Brillouin scattering measurement system of claim 7, wherein The duration of the optical pulse is set equal to or shorter than one twentieth of a coherence time of the laser that is defined by the inverse of product of a linewidth of the laser and π, and an interval between adjacent pulses of the composite pulse train is set equal to or long than a sum of the short pulse duration and the long pulse duration.