# US 11,111,772 B2 · Bulk modulus monitoring system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,111,772 B2 - Document ID: US11111772B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/749,651 - Filed: 2015-09-29 - Published: 2018-08-09 - Granted: 2021-09-07 - Earliest claimed: 2015-09-29 - Assignees: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. - Applicants: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. - Inventors: Joseph A. Beisel - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11111772B2 ## CPC - E21B 47/009: Monitoring of walking-beam pump systems - F04B 1/053: with actuating or actuated elements at the inner ends of the cylinders - F04B 9/045: {the means being eccentrics} - F04B 47/02: the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level (F04B47/12 takes precedence) - F04B 47/04: the driving means incorporating fluid means - F04B 49/00: Control {, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure} of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 - F04B 49/065: {and making use of computers} - F04B 49/22: by means of valves (F04B49/03 takes precedence) - F04B 2201/0201: Position of the piston - F04B 2201/0601: Opening times - F04B 2201/1208: Angular position of the shaft - F04B 2205/03: Pressure in the compression chamber - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS - F04B: POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS (machines for liquids, or pumps, of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F04C; non-positive-displacement pumps F04D; pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped F04F) ## Abstract A monitoring system may include at least a strain gauge and a computing device for determining a bulk modulus of a fluid system of a pressure pump using strain measurements. The strain gauge may determine strain in a chamber of the pressure pump. The computing device may receive a strain signal generated by the strain gauge and may correlate the strain signal to pressure to determine a change in pressure during a period in which fluid is isolated in the chamber. The computing device may use the change in pressure during this period to determine a bulk modulus of the fluid system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A monitoring system for a pump, comprising: a strain gauge positionable on a fluid end of the pump to measure strain in a chamber of the pump and generate a strain signal representing the strain in the chamber, the strain signal being useable in determining actuation points for valves in the chamber; and a computing device couplable to the strain gauge, the computing device including a processing device and a memory device, the memory device including instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to: receive, from memory, a predefined pressure value for an internal pressure of the chamber; determine a change in the internal pressure in the chamber during an amount of time between the actuation points for the valves by correlating (i) a portion of the strain signal corresponding to the amount of time between the actuation points with (ii) the predefined pressure value; and determine a bulk modulus of fluid isolated in the chamber during the amount of time between the actuation points for the valves based on the change in the internal pressure in the chamber. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine the actuation points for the valves in the chamber by identifying discontinuities in the strain signal, wherein the valves include a first valve and a second valve, wherein the actuation points include a first point corresponding to a closing of the first valve and a second point corresponding to an opening of the second valve. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine the predefined pressure value using finite element analysis of the pump. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine an effective bulk modulus of the pump using (i) the change in the internal pressure in the chamber during the amount of time between the actuation points, (ii) a fluid volume in the chamber at one of the actuation points, and (iii) a change in the fluid volume during the amount of time between the actuation points, and wherein the effective bulk modulus includes the bulk modulus of the fluid and a mechanical bulk modulus of non-fluid components of the pump. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The monitoring system of claim 4, further comprising: a position sensor positionable on a power end of the pump to sense a position of a member of a rotating assembly of the pump and generate a position signal representing the position of the member during operation of the pump, the position signal being usable in determining a movement of a displacement member in the chamber, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine the change in the fluid volume using a volume of the fluid in the chamber displaced by the movement of the displacement member during the amount of time between the actuation points for the valves. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the memory device comprises instructions executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine the movement of the displacement member by correlating the position of the member of the rotating assembly with a ratio representing a mechanical correlation of the displacement member to the member of the rotating assembly. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine the bulk modulus of the fluid by: determining a mechanical bulk modulus of non-fluid components of the pump by removing a first reciprocal of a known bulk modulus of a test fluid from a second reciprocal of an effective bulk modulus of the pump; and removing a third reciprocal of the mechanical bulk modulus of the non-fluid components of the pump from the second reciprocal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the strain gauge is positioned on an external surface of the fluid end of the pump to measure the strain in the chamber. ### Claim 9 A pumping system, comprising: a pump including a fluid end and a power end, the fluid end of the pump including a chamber having a first valve actuatable to a closed position at a first actuation point and a second valve actuatable to an open position at a second actuation point, an amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point being detectable by a strain gauge; and a computing device couplable to the pump, the computing device including a processing device and a memory device including instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to: determine the first actuation point and the second actuation point by identifying discontinuities in a strain signal received from the strain gauge and representing strain in the chamber; receive, from memory, a predefined pressure value for an internal pressure of the chamber; determine a change in the internal pressure in the chamber during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point by correlating a portion of the strain signal to the predefined pressure value; and determine a bulk modulus of fluid isolated in the chamber during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point based on the change in the internal pressure in the chamber. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The pumping system of claim 9, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to receive the strain signal from the strain gauge. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The pumping system of claim 9, wherein the predefined pressure value is determined using finite element analysis of the pump. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The pumping system of claim 9, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine an effective bulk modulus of the pump using (i) the change in the internal pressure in the chamber during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point, (ii) a fluid volume in the chamber at the first actuation point, and (iii) a change in the fluid volume during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point, and wherein the effective bulk modulus includes the bulk modulus of the fluid and a mechanical bulk modulus of non-fluid components of the pump. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The pumping system of claim 12, further comprising: a position sensor positioned on the power end of the pump to sense a position of a crankshaft of the pump and generate a position signal representing the position of the crankshaft during operation of the pump, wherein the fluid end of the pump further includes a plunger in the chamber that is mechanically coupled to the crankshaft, the position signal being usable in determining a movement of the plunger in the chamber, and wherein the memory device comprises instructions executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine the change in the fluid volume using a volume of the fluid displaced in the chamber by the movement of the plunger during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The pumping system of claim 9, wherein the memory device further includes instructions that are executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to determine the bulk modulus of the fluid by: determining a mechanical bulk modulus of non-fluid components of the pump by removing a first reciprocal of a known bulk modulus of a test fluid from a second reciprocal of an effective bulk modulus of the pump; and removing a third reciprocal of the mechanical bulk modulus of the non-fluid components of the pump from the second reciprocal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The pumping system of claim 9, further comprising the strain gauge positioned on an external surface of the fluid end of the pump to measure strain in the chamber and generate the strain signal representing the strain. ### Claim 16 A method for determining a bulk modulus of fluid in a pump, comprising: receiving, from a strain sensor coupled to a fluid end of the pump, a strain signal representing strain in a chamber of the pump; determining, by a computing device, actuation points corresponding to valves in the chamber by identifying discontinuities in the strain signal, the actuation points including a first actuation point corresponding to a closing of a first valve in the chamber and a second actuation point corresponding to an opening of a second valve in the chamber; determining an amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point; determining, by the computing device, a change in an internal pressure in the chamber during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point by correlating the strain in the chamber with a predefined pressure value for the internal pressure in the chamber, wherein the predefined pressure value was previously determined and stored in memory; and determining, by the computing device, a bulk modulus of fluid isolated in the chamber during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point using the change in the internal pressure in the chamber. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein determining the bulk modulus of the fluid isolated in the chamber includes multiplying an inverse of the change in the internal pressure in the chamber by a volume of the fluid isolated in the chamber at the first actuation point and a change in the volume of the fluid during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point to determine an effective bulk modulus of the pump, wherein the effective bulk modulus includes the bulk modulus of the fluid and a mechanical bulk modulus of non-fluid components of the pump. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein determining the bulk modulus of the fluid isolated in the chamber includes: determining a mechanical bulk modulus of non-fluid components of the pump by removing a first reciprocal of a known bulk modulus of a test fluid from a second reciprocal of an effective bulk modulus of the pump; and removing a third reciprocal of the mechanical bulk modulus of the non-fluid components of the pump from the second reciprocal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: determining a change in a fluid volume in the chamber during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point based on a volume of the fluid displaced in the chamber by a movement of a plunger in the pump during the amount of time between the first actuation point and the second actuation point; determining an effective bulk modulus based on the change in the fluid volume; and determining the bulk modulus based on the effective bulk modulus. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the predefined pressure value is generated using finite element analysis.