# US 11,111,398 B2 · Subsurface modified silica materials > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,111,398 B2 - Document ID: US11111398B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/403,361 - Filed: 2017-01-11 - Published: 2018-07-12 - Granted: 2021-09-07 - Earliest claimed: 2017-01-11 - Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation - Applicants: International Business Machines Corporation - Inventors: Brandon M. Kobilka; Joseph Kuczynski; Jacob T. Porter; Jason T. Wertz - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11111398B2 ## CPC - C09D 7/62: modified by treatment with other compounds - C09C 1/3081: {Treatment with organo-silicon compounds} - C09D 5/00: Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced {(electrically insulating plastics, resins or waxes H01B3/30)}; Filling pastes - C09D 7/67: {Particle size smaller than 100 nm} - C09D 7/68: {Particle size between 100-1000 nm} - C09D 7/69: {Particle size larger than 1000 nm} - C01P 2004/64: Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer - C01P 2006/42: Magnetic properties - C08K 3/36: Silica - C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D) - C09C: TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES (treatment of materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone C04B14/00, C04B18/00, C04B20/00); PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK {; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS} - C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS - C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09) ## Abstract Methods and compositions related to subsurface modified silica materials are described. The silica materials include silicon- and carbon-containing groups covalently bonded to the silicon-oxygen matrix. The silica materials have tunable permeability, modulus, hardness, flexibility, and elongation. The silica materials are suitable for use as polymer fillers and as functional coatings. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electronic article, comprising: a substrate comprising electronic components; and a coating disposed on the substrate that contains silica particles comprising subsurface organic groups, wherein at least two of the silica particles are bonded directly to a bridging compound having the structure X2Si—R—SiX2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, and polyethers, wherein the X groups are —OH groups. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electronic article of claim 1, wherein the silica particles are nanoparticles. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The electronic article of claim 1, wherein a portion of the silica particles are foci for coating crosslinks. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The electronic article of claim 1, wherein a concentration of the silica particles in the coating is from 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The electronic article of claim 1, wherein the coating has a thickness of from 1 nm to 10 microns. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The electronic article of claim 1, wherein the coating is a selective permeant barrier coating. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The electronic article of claim 6, wherein the coating forms a reaction product with a permeant. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The electronic article of claim 1, wherein the coating forms a reaction product with a sulfur compound. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The electronic article of claim 8, wherein the sulfur compound is selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, inorganic sulfur compounds, hydrogen sulfides, sulfur oxides, organic sulfur compounds, thiols, and alkane thiols. ### Claim 10 An electronic article, comprising: a substrate comprising electronic components; and a coating disposed on the substrate that contains silica particles comprising subsurface organic groups, wherein the silica particles have a diameter of from 1 nm to 100 nm, wherein at least two of the silica particles are bonded directly to a bridging compound having the structure X2Si—R—SiX2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, and polyethers, and wherein the X groups are —OH groups. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The electronic article of claim 10, wherein a portion of the silica particles are foci for coating crosslinks. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The electronic article of claim 10, wherein a concentration of the silica particles in the coating is from 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The electronic article of claim 10, wherein the coating has a thickness of from 1 nm to 10 microns. ### Claim 14 An electronic article, comprising: a substrate comprising electronic components; and a coating disposed on the substrate that contains silica particles comprising subsurface organic groups, wherein the silica particles are nanoparticles having a diameter of from 1 nm to 100 nm, and wherein at least two of the silica particles are bonded directly to the same bridging compound having the structure R2Si SiR2, wherein the R groups are —OH groups. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The electronic article of claim 14, wherein a concentration of the silica particles in the coating is from 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The electronic article of claim 14, wherein the coating has a thickness of from 1 nm to 10 microns.