# US 11,110,682 B2 · Solid-gap multilayers for thermal insulation and management

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- Number: US 11,110,682 B2
- Document ID: US11110682B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/300,492
- Filed: 2017-05-15
- Published: 2019-09-19
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2016-05-13
- Assignees: The Regents of the University of California
- Applicants: The Regents of the University of California
- Inventors: Yu Qiao; Ying Zhong
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11110682B2

## CPC

- B32B 3/08: characterised by added members at particular parts {(layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side B32B3/14, B32B3/18)}
- B32B 3/10: characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B 7/02: Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B 7/05: the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection (using interposed adhesives or bonding materials applied in spaced arrangements B32B7/14)
- B32B 9/005: {comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile (layered products with at least two ceramic layers composed mainly of ceramic B32B18/00)}
- B32B 9/007: {comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon}
- B32B 9/041: {of metal}
- B32B 9/043: {of natural rubber or synthetic rubber}
- B32B 9/045: {of synthetic resin}
- B32B 9/047: {made of fibres or filaments}
- B32B 15/06: of {natural rubber or synthetic} rubber
- B32B 15/082: comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
- B32B 15/085: comprising polyolefins
- B32B 15/088: comprising polyamides
- B32B 15/09: comprising polyesters
- B32B 15/095: comprising polyurethanes
- B32B 15/14: next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B 17/10: of synthetic resin
- B32B 23/042: {of metal}
- B32B 23/046: {of natural rubber or synthetic rubber}
- B32B 23/08: of synthetic resin
- B32B 23/20: comprising esters
- B32B 25/08: of synthetic resin
- B32B 25/10: next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B 25/16: comprising polydienes {homopolymers} or poly-halodienes {homopolymers (B32B25/12 takes precedence)}
- B32B 25/18: comprising butyl or halobutyl rubber
- B32B 25/20: comprising silicone rubber
- B32B 27/12: next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B 27/281: {comprising polyimides}
- B32B 27/283: {comprising polysiloxanes}
- B32B 27/288: {comprising polyketones}
- B32B 27/302: {comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers}
- B32B 27/304: {comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF}
- B32B 27/306: {comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers}
- B32B 27/308: {comprising acrylic (co)polymers}
- B32B 27/32: comprising polyolefins {(comprising vinyl (co)polymers or acrylic (co)polymers B32B27/30)}
- B32B 27/322: {comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE}
- B32B 27/34: comprising polyamides
- B32B 27/36: comprising polyesters
- B32B 27/365: {comprising polycarbonates}
- B32B 27/40: comprising polyurethanes
- B32B 37/18: involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
- B32B 2250/02: 2 layers
- B32B 2255/06: on metal layer
- B32B 2255/10: on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
- B32B 2255/20: Inorganic coating
- B32B 2255/205: Metallic coating
- B32B 2255/26: Polymeric coating
- B32B 2260/021: Fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B 2262/101: Glass fibres
- B32B 2262/106: Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
- B32B 2266/122: Hydrogel, i.e. a gel containing an aqueous composition
- B32B 2266/126: Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
- B32B 2307/102: Insulating
- B32B 2307/206: Insulating
- B32B 2307/208: Magnetic, paramagnetic
- B32B 2307/412: Transparent
- B32B 2307/414: Translucent
- B32B 2307/728: Hydrophilic
- B32B 2307/73: Hydrophobic
- B32B 2419/00: Buildings or parts thereof
- B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM

## Abstract

A multilayer structure comprising solid layers and defining at least one gap that separates the solid layers to form an alternating pattern of the solid layers and the at least one gap in the structure.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A multilayer structure comprising two or more solid layers, wherein each solid layer is separated from an adjacent solid layer by a gap, such that the multilayer structure comprises an alternating pattern of solid layers and gaps, and wherein the two or more solid layers are pre-stressed,
wherein the solid layers are electrified, magnetized, or electrified and magnetized; wherein electrified layers are electrified via corona charging, thermal charging, space charging, grafting of charged components, adsorption of charged components, absorption of charged components, blending of charged components, mixing of charged components, embedding of charged components, heat charging, glow discharging, plasma treating, or combinations thereof; and wherein magnetized layers are magnetized via embedding, grafting, blending, mixing, attaching, adhering, adsorption, or absorption of magnetized components, or combinations thereof;
wherein the electrified layers have a non-uniform electric field distribution or a non-uniform magnetic field distribution along a surface of a layer in a planar direction, along a thickness of a layer in a transverse direction, or both; wherein the non-uniform electric field distribution or the non-uniform magnetic field distribution comprises dotted, stripped, curved, straight, circular, star-shaped, mesh-like, oval, rectangle, square, hexagonal, or irregular shapes, or combinations thereof.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more solid layers is pre-stressed to a different magnitude than an adjacent solid layer.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two or more solid layers is pre-stressed in a different direction than an adjacent solid layer.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein the multilayer structure is adapted to receive an amount of gas such that an inner pressure within one or more of the gaps is adjustable, or the thickness of one or more of the gaps is adjustable.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, further comprising one or more discontinuous components within one or more of the gaps, wherein the discontinuous components provide support for the two or more solid layers, and wherein the one or more discontinuous components comprise a fiber, a tube, a pillar, a particle, a block, a tape, a band, a fiber bundle, a particle cluster, a pillar array, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The multilayer structure of claim 5, wherein the one or more discontinuous components within a gap have a total area that is less than 10%, less than 1%, less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01% of the area of a solid layer defining a side of the gap.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein the two or more solid layers comprise a metal, a metal alloy, a polymer, an elastomer, a carbon material, a ceramic, glass, a composite material, or a combination or components thereof.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein one or both sides of the two or more solid layers are covered by a magnetically neutral layer, an electrically neutral layer, or a partly neutral layer.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The multilayer structure of claim 8, wherein the neutral or partly neutral layers are uniform, heterogeneous, anisotropic, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein each of the thicknesses of the two or more solid layers and the at least one gap are 1 μm or less.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein the multilayer structure is adapted for thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, thermal management, acoustic management, or combinations thereof.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The multilayer structure of claim 1, wherein the solid layers comprise a low-emissivity material.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The multilayer structure of claim 12, wherein the low-emissivity material comprises one or more polymers, ceramics, elastomers, glasses, semiconductors, or conductors.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The multilayer structure of claim 13, wherein the low-emissivity material comprises one or more of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), aluminum, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, zirconium oxide, or another oxide.