# US 11,110,487 B2 · Apparatuses and methods for producing optical effect layers > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,110,487 B2 - Document ID: US11110487B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/482,680 - Filed: 2018-01-17 - Published: 2020-08-06 - Granted: 2021-09-07 - Earliest claimed: 2017-01-31 - Assignees: Sicpa Holding SA - Applicants: Sicpa Holding SA - Inventors: Edgar Mueller; Evgeny Loginov; Mathieu Schmid - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11110487B2 ## CPC - B05D 3/207: {post-treatment by magnetic fields} - B05D 5/065: {having colour interferences or colour shifts or opalescent looking, flip-flop, two tones} - B05D 3/067: {Curing or cross-linking the coating} - B05D 5/06: to obtain multicolour or other optical effects (B05D5/02 takes precedence) - B42D 25/369: Magnetised or magnetisable materials - B42D 25/41: using electromagnetic radiation (B42D25/435 takes precedence) - H01F 41/16: the magnetic material being applied in the form of particles, e.g. by serigraphy {, to form thick magnetic films or precursors therefor} (H01F41/18 {-H01F41/24} take precedence) - H02K 5/173: using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings - H02K 21/24: with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos - B42D 25/29: Securities; Bank notes - B05D: PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (conveying articles or workpieces through baths of liquid B65G, e.g. B65G49/02) - B42D: BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS - H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES - H02K: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H53/00; conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power {H03K3/53}) ## Abstract The present invention relates to the field of apparatuses and methods of producing optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles. In particular, the present invention relates to apparatuses comprising a first block (A) comprising a holder (1a) having mounted thereto a stator comprising n magnet-wire coils (1b) disposed in n annular slots of a magnetic-field-guiding stator core (1c), and a second block (B) comprising a casing (4), a rotor protection plate (2), a rotor comprising m permanent magnet poles (3a) of alternating polarity arranged around a circle in or on one side of a rotor disc (3b), and a permanent magnet assembly (PMA) (5), wherein the holder (A) is configured to be removeably fixed to a base of a rotating magnetic orienting cylinder (RMC) or a flatbed (FB) magnetic orienting printing unit and the second block (B) is removeably fixed to the first block (A). ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for producing an optical effect layer comprising: a) a first block comprising a1) a holder having mounted thereto a stator comprising n magnet-wire coils, disposed in n annular slots which are spaced from each other and arranged in a circle around the axis of a magnetic-field-guiding stator core; and a2) a winding protection plate disposed on top of the n magnet-wire coils; and b) a second block comprising: b1) a casing with disposed therein; b2) a rotor comprising m permanent magnet poles of alternating polarity arranged around a circle in or on one side of a rotor disc, wherein said m permanent magnet poles are spaced from each other; b3) a rotor protection plate, disposed below the m permanent magnet poles of the rotor, wherein said rotor protection plate covers the rotor from the side of the rotor disc; and b4) a permanent magnet assembly driven by the rotor, wherein said permanent magnet assembly is disposed on the opposite side of the rotor disc, wherein the rotor protection plate of the second block is disposed on an upper surface of the winding protection plate of the first block, and the winding protection plate is removeablely coupled with the rotor protection plate, wherein the stator and the rotor act together as a brushless DC motor, wherein n is a multiple of 3 and m is a multiple of 2, provided that n/m is 3/2, 3/4, 6/4, 6/8, 9/8, 9/10, 12/10 or 12/14, and wherein the first block is configured to be removeably fixed to a base of a rotating magnetic orienting cylinder or a flatbed magnetic orienting printing unit, and wherein the second block is removeably fixed to the first block. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a bearing in connection with the rotor disc. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the bearing is a ceramic ball bearing. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a magnet support, wherein said magnet support is comprised in the second block and carries the permanent magnet assembly. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a lid. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the casing is an H-shaped casing with a first cavity and a second cavity. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the rotor comprising the m permanent magnet poles of alternating polarity and the rotor disc are disposed within the first cavity of the H-shaped casing and wherein the permanent magnet assembly is disposed within the second cavity of the H-shaped casing. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) A rotating magnetic orienting cylinder comprising one or more apparatuses recited in claim 1 mounted to the rotating magnetic orienting cylinder through the first block. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A flatbed magnetic orienting printing unit comprising one or more apparatuses recited in claim 1 mounted to the flatbed magnetic orienting printing unit through the first block. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A method of modifying an existing rotating magnetic orienting cylinder or a flatbed magnetic orienting printing unit having one or more first blocks and one or more third blocks comprising a non-spinneable or a spinneable permanent magnet assembly, the method comprising removing the one or more third blocks comprising the non-spinneable or spinneable permanent magnet assemblies from the rotating magnetic orienting cylinder or the flatbed magnetic orienting printing unit and replacing them with one or more second blocks recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more second blocks are removeably fixed to the one or more first blocks comprising a1) a holder having mounted thereto a stator comprising n magnet-wire coils disposed in n annular slots arranged in a circle around the axis of a magnetic-field-guiding stator core; and a2) a winding protection plate disposed on top of the n magnet-wire coils. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotor protection plate is a titanium rotor protection plate. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the winding protection plate is a titanium winding protection plate. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A method for producing an optical effect layer on a substrate, the method comprising: i) providing a substrate carrying a wet coating or layer comprising magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; ii) providing the apparatus according to claim 1, or providing a rotating magnetic orienting cylinder comprising the apparatus according to claim 1 mounted to the rotating magnetic orienting cylinder through the first block, or providing a flatbed magnetic orienting printing unit comprising the apparatus according to claim 1 mounted to the flatbed magnetic orienting printing unit through the first block; iii) exposing the wet coating or layer comprising the magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles to a time-dependent, direction-varying magnetic field produced by spinning the permanent magnet assembly through a combined action of the rotor and the stator, to orient at least part of said magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; and iv) at least partially hardening the coating or layer comprising the magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles such as to fix at least part of said magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles in a substantially oriented state or oriented state. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the substrate is a security document. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein step iv) is carried out partially simultaneously with the step iii).