Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plan optimization based at least on internal organ anticipated movement and/or expected deformation

A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with computer executable instructions, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:

• receive an image;
• receive a first input indicative of a nominal dose distribution for the received image and clinical goals;
• receive a second input indicative of a setup error dose distribution for range and setup uncertainties;
• receive a third input indicative of an anticipated movement of an internal organ;
• receive a fourth input indicative of an expected deformation of the internal organ;
• warp the received image based on the anticipated movement and the expected deformation, generating a warped image;
• compute a dose distribution for the warped image;
• optimize a planned dose distribution of an intensity modulated proton therapy based on the nominal dose distribution, the setup error dose distribution, and the dose distribution for the anticipated movement and the expected deformation;
• export beam parameters obtained from the optimized planned dose distribution to the received image;
• and
• generate a final dose distribution for the intensity modulated proton therapy based on the exported beam parameters.