# US 11,109,611 B2 · Compositions and methods that modulate digestibility in a companion animal

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- Number: US 11,109,611 B2
- Document ID: US11109611B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/815,779
- Filed: 2020-03-11
- Published: 2020-07-02
- Granted: 2021-09-07
- Earliest claimed: 2016-12-15
- Assignees: Societe des Produits Nestle S. A.
- Applicants: Societe des Produits Nestle SA
- Inventors: Rondo P Middleton; Brian M Zanghi; Serge Andre Dominique Rezzi; Steven S Hannah
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11109611B2

## CPC

- A23K 50/40: for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K 10/00: Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K 10/20: from material of animal origin (obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes A23K10/10)
- A23K 10/30: from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms (obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes, e.g. using yeasts or enzymes, A23K10/10)
- A23K 20/00: Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K 20/105: Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
- A23K 20/111: Aromatic compounds
- A23K 20/142: Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K 20/147: Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
- A23K 20/158: Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
- A23K 20/163: Sugars; Polysaccharides
- A23K 20/174: Vitamins
- A23K 50/42: Dry feed
- A23K 50/48: Moist feed
- A23K: FODDER

## Abstract

A specific type of digestibility in a companion animal can be improved by adjusting the diet of the animal to increase the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of digestibility or adjusting the diet of the animal to decrease the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of digestibility. The specific type of digestibility can be one or more of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility, or protein digestibility.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A pet food composition comprising:
protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, and
at least 6 distinct metabolites for individually modulating organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility and protein digestibility in a companion animal, the at least 6 distinct metabolites comprising at least one of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), betaine, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), or 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine;
wherein the metabolite that modulates organic matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), pantothenate, X-09789, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), adrenate (22:4n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), X-11378, alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), stachydrine, glycerate, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, X-16975, X-17185, arabitol, creatine, octanoylcarnitine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, X-17010, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), N-acetylornithine, campesterol, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), phenylalanine, oleoyltaurine, arabonate, X-12450, palmitoleate (16:1n7), acetylcarnitine, palmitate (16:0), erythritol, linoleate (18:2n6), stearate (18:0), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates dry matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of mannose, trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-09789, pantothenate, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), X-16975, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), X-11378, linolenate [alpha or gamma; (18:3n3 or 6)], gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3 or n6), eicosenoate (20:1n9 or 11), arabitol, adrenate (22:4n6), X-17185, Glycerate, glutathione (oxidized (GSSG)), mannitol, octanoylcarnitine, N-acetylornithine, X-17010, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), stachydrine, campesterol, palmitoleate (16:1n7), creatine, X-12450, oleoyltaurine, arabonate, trans-4-hydroxyproline, phenylalanine, erythritol, palmitate (16:0), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates energy digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, betaine, X-09789, pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), X-11378, glycerate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), stachydrine, X-17185, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, X-16975, creatine, campesterol, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), X-17010, octanoylcarnitine, N-acetylornithine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, phenylalanine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), arabitol, mannitol, acetylcarnitine, erythritol, oleoyltaurine, X-12450, palmitoleate (16:1n7), arabonate, palmitate (16:0), docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3), linoleate (18:2n6), stearate (18:0), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates fat digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, arachidonate (20:4n6), mannose, betaine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), X-11378, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), glycerate, campesterol, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), glycolate (hydroxyacetate), pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), X-17185, N-acetylornithine, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, octanoylcarnitine, stachydrine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), X-17010, X-16975, 15-methylpalmitate (isobar with 2-methylpalmitate), mannitol, citrulline, alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), phenylalanine, erythritol, arabitol, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), cholate, gamma-glutamylalanine, creatine, 3-dehydrocholate, docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3), trans-4-hydroxyproline, 7-ketodeoxycholate, 12-dehydrocholate, chenodeoxycholate, acetylcarnitine, palmitoleate (16:1n7), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates protein digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, mannose, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-11378, trans-4-hydroxyproline, arachidonate (20:4n6), X-17185, betaine, X-15461, N-acetylornithine, creatine, stachydrine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), campesterol, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, pantothenate, mannitol, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), adrenate (22:4n6), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), X-16975, glycerate, phenylalanine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), palmitoleate (16:1n7), octanoylcarnitine, X-12450, erythritol, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphocholine, 3-phenylpropionate (hydrocinnamate), oleoyltaurine, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates fiber digestibility is selected from the group consisting of 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine, 1-palmitoylplasmenylethanolamine, 1-palmitoylglycerol (1-monopalmitin), alpha-tocopherol, ribitol, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the at least 6 distinct metabolites comprise at least two of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), betaine, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), or 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine; and
wherein the pet food composition provides at least a 5% increase or at least a 5% decrease in at least one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility or protein digestibility in the companion animal upon administration of the pet food composition to the companion animal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 12 distinct metabolites, including at least 2 distinct metabolites for modulating each one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility and protein digestibility in a companion animal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 18 distinct metabolites, including at least 3 distinct metabolites for modulating each one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility and protein digestibility in a companion animal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates organic matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), pantothenate, X-09789, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), adrenate (22:4n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), X-11378, alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), stachydrine, glycerate, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates dry matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of mannose, trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-09789, pantothenate, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), X-16975, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), X-11378, linolenate [alpha or gamma; (18:3n3 or 6)], gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3 or n6), eicosenoate (20:1n9 or 11), arabitol, adrenate (22:4n6), and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates energy digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, betaine, X-09789, pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), X-11378, glycerate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), stachydrine, X-17185, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates fat digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, arachidonate (20:4n6), mannose, betaine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), X-11378, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), glycerate, campesterol, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), glycolate (hydroxyacetate), pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), X-17185, N-acetylornithine, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, octanoylcarnitine, stachydrine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates protein digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, mannose, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-11378, trans-4-hydroxyproline, arachidonate (20:4n6), X-17185, betaine, X-15461, N-acetylornithine, creatine, stachydrine, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), campesterol, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, pantothenate, mannitol, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), adrenate (22:4n6), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the pet food composition provides at least a 10% increase in at least one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility or protein digestibility in the companion animal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the at least 6 distinct metabolites comprise at least three of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), betaine, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), or 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the at least 6 distinct metabolites comprise at least four of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), betaine, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), or 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the at least 6 distinct metabolites comprise at least five of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), betaine, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), or 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the at least 6 distinct metabolites comprise trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), betaine, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), and 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

A method for modulating digestibility of at least one of organic matter, dry matter, fiber, energy, fat or protein in a companion animal, the method comprising administering the pet food composition of claim 1 to the companion animal.

### Claim 15

A pet food composition comprising:
protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, and
at least 6 distinct metabolites for individually modulating organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility and protein digestibility in a companion animal, the at least 6 distinct metabolites comprising at least one of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), betaine, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), or 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine;
wherein the metabolite that modulates organic matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), pantothenate, X-09789, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), adrenate (22:4n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), X-11378, alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), stachydrine, glycerate, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, X-16975, X-17185, arabitol, creatine, octanoylcarnitine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, X-17010, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), N-acetylornithine, campesterol, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), phenylalanine, oleoyltaurine, arabonate, X-12450, palmitoleate (16:1n7), acetylcarnitine, palmitate (16:0), erythritol, linoleate (18:2n6), stearate (18:0), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates dry matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of mannose, trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-09789, pantothenate, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), X-16975, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), X-11378, linolenate [alpha or gamma; (18:3n3 or 6)], gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3 or n6), eicosenoate (20:1n9 or 11), arabitol, adrenate (22:4n6), X-17185, Glycerate, glutathione (oxidized (GSSG)), mannitol, octanoylcarnitine, N-acetylornithine, X-17010, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), stachydrine, campesterol, palmitoleate (16:1n7), creatine, X-12450, oleoyltaurine, arabonate, trans-4-hydroxyproline, phenylalanine, erythritol, palmitate (16:0), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates energy digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, betaine, X-09789, pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), X-11378, glycerate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), stachydrine, X-17185, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, X-16975, creatine, campesterol, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), X-17010, octanoylcarnitine, N-acetylornithine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, phenylalanine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), arabitol, mannitol, acetylcarnitine, erythritol, oleoyltaurine, X-12450, palmitoleate (16:1n7), arabonate, palmitate (16:0), docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3), linoleate (18:2n6), stearate (18:0), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates fat digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, arachidonate (20:4n6), mannose, betaine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), X-11378, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), glycerate, campesterol, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), glycolate (hydroxyacetate), pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), X-17185, N-acetylornithine, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, octanoylcarnitine, stachydrine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), X-17010, X-16975, 15-methylpalmitate (isobar with 2-methylpalmitate), mannitol, citrulline, alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), phenylalanine, erythritol, arabitol, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), cholate, gamma-glutamylalanine, creatine, 3-dehydrocholate, docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3), trans-4-hydroxyproline, 7-ketodeoxycholate, 12-dehydrocholate, chenodeoxycholate, acetylcarnitine, palmitoleate (16:1n7), and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates protein digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, mannose, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-11378, trans-4-hydroxyproline, arachidonate (20:4n6), X-17185, betaine, X-15461, N-acetylornithine, creatine, stachydrine, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), campesterol, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, pantothenate, mannitol, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), adrenate (22:4n6), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), X-16975, glycerate, phenylalanine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), palmitoleate (16:1n7), octanoylcarnitine, X-12450, erythritol, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphocholine, 3-phenylpropionate (hydrocinnamate), oleoyltaurine, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the metabolite that modulates fiber digestibility is selected from the group consisting of 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine, 1-palmitoylplasmenylethanolamine, 1-palmitoylglycerol (1-monopalmitin), alpha-tocopherol, ribitol, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the at least 6 distinct metabolites are present in the pet food composition in at least one amount selected from the group consisting of (i) about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the pet food composition and (ii) about 1 IU of the at least 6 metabolites/kg of the pet food composition to about 500,000 IU of the at least 6 metabolites/kg of the pet food composition; and
wherein the pet food composition provides at least a 5% increase or at least a 5% decrease in at least one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility or protein digestibility in the companion animal upon administration of the pet food composition to the companion animal.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 12 distinct metabolites, including at least 2 distinct metabolites for modulating each one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility and protein digestibility in a companion animal.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 18 distinct metabolites, including at least 3 distinct metabolites for modulating each one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility and protein digestibility in a companion animal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates organic matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), pantothenate, X-09789, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), adrenate (22:4n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), X-11378, alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), stachydrine, glycerate, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates dry matter digestibility is selected from the group consisting of mannose, trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-09789, pantothenate, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), X-16975, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), X-11378, linolenate [alpha or gamma; (18:3n3 or 6)], gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3 or n6), eicosenoate (20:1n9 or 11), arabitol, adrenate (22:4n6), and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates energy digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), mannose, arachidonate (20:4n6), dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), N-palmitoyl taurine, betaine, X-09789, pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), X-11378, glycerate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), stachydrine, X-17185, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates fat digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, arachidonate (20:4n6), mannose, betaine, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), X-11378, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), glycerate, campesterol, docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), glycolate (hydroxyacetate), pantothenate, adrenate (22:4n6), X-17185, N-acetylornithine, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, octanoylcarnitine, stachydrine, dihomo-linolenate (20:3n3), dihomo-linolenate (20:3n6), docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the metabolite that modulates protein digestibility is selected from the group consisting of trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate), X-09789, mannose, dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6), docosapentaenoate (n6 DPA; 22:5n6), X-11378, trans-4-hydroxyproline, arachidonate (20:4n6), X-17185, betaine, X-15461, N-acetylornithine, creatine, stachydrine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, eicosenoate (20:1n9), eicosenoate (20:1n11), campesterol, gamma-glutamylphenylalanine, pantothenate, mannitol, docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3), adrenate (22:4n6), alpha linolenate (18:3n3), gamma linolenate (18:3n6), and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the pet food composition provides at least a 10% increase in at least one of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility or protein digestibility in the companion animal.

### Claim 24 (depends on 15)

A method for modulating digestibility of at least one of organic matter, dry matter, fiber, energy, fat or protein in a companion animal, the method comprising administering the pet food composition of claim 15 to the companion animal.