Semiconductor film, solar cell, light-emitting diode, thin film transistor, and electronic device

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor film, the method comprising:

• a semiconductor quantum dot cluster formation process of applying a semiconductor quantum dot dispersion liquid onto a substrate to form a cluster of semiconductor quantum dots, the semiconductor quantum dot dispersion liquid including semiconductor quantum dots each having a metal atom, first ligands coordinating to respective semiconductor quantum dots and having a main chain having 6 or more carbon atoms, and a first solvent;
• and
• a ligand exchange process of applying, to the cluster of semiconductor quantum dots, a solution that includes a second solvent and second ligands having a molecular chain length shorter than that of the first ligands, thereby replacing the first ligands coordinating to the semiconductor quantum dots by the second ligands, to form a semiconductor film having an average shortest inter-dot distance in the semiconductor quantum dots of more than 0.0 nm but less than 0.45 nm,
• wherein the second ligands are of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a ligand represented by Formula (A), a ligand represented by Formula (B), and a ligand represented by Formula (C), or ligand agent molecules that include at least a thiocyan group and a metal ion:
• wherein, in Formula (A), X1 represents —SH, —N2, or —OH, and each of A1 and B1 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having from 1 to 10 atoms selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclopropyl group, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, an acyl group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 carbon atoms, an acylamino group having 2 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aldehyde group (—COH), a hydroxy group (—OH), a carboxy group (—COOH), a sulfo group (—SO3H), a phospho group (—OPO(OH)2), an amino group (—NH2), a carbamoyl group (—CONH2), a cyano group (—CN), an isocyanate group (—N═C═O), a thiol group (—SH), a nitro group (—NO2), a nitroxy group (—ONO2), an isothiocyanate group (—NCS), a cyanate group (—OCN), a thiocyanate group (—SCN), an acetoxy group (OCOCH3), an acetamide group (NHCOCH3), a formyl group (—CHO), a formyloxy group (—OCHO), a formamide group (—NHCHO), a sulfamino group (—NHSO3H), a sulfino group (—SO2H), a sulfamoyl group (—SO2NH2), a phosphono group (—PO3H2), an acetyl group (—COCH3), a halogen atom, and an alkali metal atom, provided that, when both A1 and B1 are hydrogen atoms, X1 represents —SH or —OH;
• in Formula (B), X2 represents —SH, —NH2, or —OH and each of A2 and B1 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having from 1 to 10 atoms selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclopropyl group, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, an acyl group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 carbon atoms, an acylamino group having 2 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aldehyde group (—COH), a hydroxy group (—OH), a carboxy group (—COOH), a sulfo group (—SO3H), a phospho group (—OPO(OH)2), an amino group (—NH2), a carbamoyl group (—CONH2), a cyano group (—CN), an isocyanate group (—N═C═O), a thiol group (—SH), a nitro group (—NO2), a nitroxy group (—ONO2), an isothiocyanate group (—NCS), a cyanate group (—OCN), a thiocyanate group (—SCN), an acetoxy group (OCOCH3), an acetamide group (NHCOCH3), a formyl group (—CHO), a formyloxy group (—OCHO), a formamide group (—NHCHO), a sulfamino group (—NHSO3H), a sulfino group (—SO2H), sulfamoyl group (—SO2NH2), a phosphono group (—PO3H2), an acetyl group (—COCH3), a halogen atom, and an alkali metal atom;
• and, in Formula (C), A3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having from 1 to 10 atoms selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclopropyl group, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, an acyl group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 carbon atoms, an acylamino group having 2 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aldehyde group (—COH), a hydroxy, group (—OH), a carboxy group (—COOH), a sulfo group (—SO3H), a phospho group (—OPO(OH)2), an amino group (—NH2), a carbamoyl group (—CONH2), a cyano group (—CN), an isocyanate group (—N═C═O), a thiol group (—SH), a nitro group (—NO2), a nitroxy group (—ONO2), an isothiocyanate group (—NCS), a cyanate group (—OCN), a thiocyanate group (—SCN), an acetoxy, group (OCOCH3), an acetamide group (NHCOCH3), a formyl group (—CHO), a formyloxy group (—OCHO), a formamide group (—NHCHO), a sulfamino group (—NHSO3H), a sulfino group (—SO2H), a sulfamoyl group (—SO2NH2), a phosphono group (—PO3H2), an acetyl group (—COCH3), a halogen atom, and an alkali metal atom.