# US 11,079,779 B2 · Transconductor system for a power supply system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,079,779 B2 - Document ID: US11079779B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/540,808 - Filed: 2019-08-14 - Published: 2019-12-05 - Granted: 2021-08-03 - Earliest claimed: 2017-11-09 - Assignees: Texas Instruments Incorporated - Applicants: Texas Instruments Incorporated - Inventors: Ryan Erik Lind - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11079779B2 ## CPC - H02M 1/00: Details of apparatus for conversion - G05F 1/461: {using an operational amplifier as final control device} - G05F 1/561: {Voltage to current converters (amplifiers H03F)} - G05F 1/575: characterised by the feedback circuit - H03F 1/0238: {using supply converters} - H03F 3/45183: {Long tailed pairs (H03F3/4521, H03F3/45237 take precedence)} - H03F 3/45237: {Complementary long tailed pairs having parallel inputs and being supplied in series} - H03F 3/45273: {Mirror types} - H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter} - H02M 1/0045: {Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode} - H02M 1/007: {Plural converter units in cascade (push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826)} - H02M 3/04: by static converters - H02M 7/04: by static converters - H03F 2200/462: the current being sensed - H03F 2203/45288: Differential amplifier with circuit arrangements to enhance the transconductance - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES - H03F: AMPLIFIERS ## Abstract One example includes a transconductor system. The system includes a first transconductance amplifier that generates a control current in response to a first input voltage. The system also includes a second transconductance amplifier that generates an output signal in response to a second input voltage. The system further includes an intermediate amplifier that generates a control voltage in response to the control current and a third input voltage. The control voltage can be provided to the first and second transconductance amplifiers to set a transconductance of each of the first and second transconductance amplifiers to be approximately equal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A power supply circuit comprising: a first transconductance amplifier configured to generate a control current amplified from a first voltage and based on a first transconductance; a second transconductance amplifier configured to generate an output signal amplified from a second voltage and based on a second transconductance; an intermediate amplifier configured to generate a control voltage based on the control current and a third voltage, the control voltage is received by the first and second transconductance amplifiers to equalize the first transconductance and the second transconductance; and a buck converter having a voltage input terminal configured to receive the output signal, and a voltage output terminal configured to provide the first voltage. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1, in which: the first voltage is derived from an output voltage; the second voltage corresponds to an amplitude of an input current; and the third voltage is derived from an input voltage. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1, in which the first transconductance amplifier is configured to set the first transconductance, based on the control voltage, to a ratio of the third voltage over the first voltage. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1, in which the second transconductance amplifier is configured to set the second transconductance, based on the control voltage, to a ratio of the third voltage over the first voltage. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1, including: an input terminal coupled to the intermediate amplifier to provide the third voltage; a current monitor circuit having an input coupled to the input terminal, and an output coupled to the second transconductance amplifier to provide the second voltage; and a buck converter having an input coupled to the second transconductance amplifier to receive the output signal, and an output fed back to the first transconductance amplifier to provide the first voltage. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1, in which the first transconductance amplifier includes a differential amplifier having: a first input coupled to receive a first portion of the first voltage; a second input coupled to receive a second portion of the first voltage; a controlled current source having a control terminal coupled to receive the control voltage; and an output configured to deliver the control current. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The power supply circuit of claim 6, in which the controlled current source is configured to adjust the first transconductance to approximate the second transconductance based on the control voltage. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1, in which the second transconductance amplifier includes a differential amplifier having: a first input coupled to receive a reference voltage; a second input coupled to receive the second voltage; a controlled current source having a control terminal coupled to receive the control voltage; and an output configured to deliver the output signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The power supply circuit of claim 8, in which the controlled current source is configured to adjust the second transconductance to approximate the first transconductance based on the control voltage. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1, in which the intermediate amplifier includes: a conductive path to receive the control current; and a differential amplifier having: a first input coupled to the conductive path; a second input coupled to receive a portion of the third voltage; and an output configured to deliver the control voltage. ### Claim 11 A power supply circuit comprising: a first transconductance amplifier configured to generate a control current amplified from an output voltage and based on a first transconductance; a second transconductance amplifier configured to generate a regulation signal amplified from a sensed voltage proportional to an input current and based on a second transconductance; an intermediate amplifier configured to generate a control voltage based on the control current and an input voltage; and a buck converter having a voltage input terminal configured to receive the regulation signal, and a voltage output terminal configured to provide the output voltage, in which the first and second transconductance amplifiers are configured to adjust the first and second transconductance based on the control voltage. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The power supply circuit of claim 11, in which: the first transconductance amplifier includes a first controlled current source configured to adjust, based on the control voltage, the first transconductance to approximate the second transconductance; and the second transconductance amplifier includes a second controlled current source configured to adjust, based on the control voltage, the second transconductance to approximate the first transconductance. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The power supply circuit of claim 11, in which the intermediate amplifier includes: a conductive path to receive the control current; and a differential amplifier having: a first input coupled to the conductive path; a second input coupled to receive a portion of the input voltage; and an output configured to deliver the control voltage. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The power supply circuit of claim 11, in which the first transconductance amplifier is configured to set the first transconductance to a ratio of the input voltage over the output voltage. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The power supply circuit of claim 11, in which the second transconductance amplifier is configured to set the second transconductance to a ratio of the input voltage over the output voltage. ### Claim 16 A power supply circuit comprising: a first transconductance amplifier having a first controlled current source configured to adjust a first transconductance based on a control voltage, the first transconductance amplifier configured to generate a control current by amplifying an output voltage with the first transconductance; a second transconductance amplifier having a second controlled current source configured to adjust a second transconductance based on the control voltage, the second transconductance amplifier configured to generate a regulation signal by amplifying a sensed voltage proportional to an input current with the second transconductance; an intermediate amplifier configured to generate the control voltage based on the control current and an input voltage; and a buck converter having a voltage input terminal configured to receive the regulation signal, and a voltage output terminal configured to provide the output voltage. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The power supply circuit of claim 16, including: an input terminal coupled to the intermediate amplifier to provide the input voltage; a current monitor circuit having an input coupled to the input terminal, and an output coupled to the second transconductance amplifier to provide the sensed voltage; and a buck converter having an input coupled to the second transconductance amplifier to receive the regulation signal, and an output fed back to the first transconductance amplifier to provide the output voltage. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The power supply circuit of claim 16, in which the first controlled current source is configured to adjust the first transconductance to a ratio of the input voltage over the output voltage. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The power supply circuit of claim 16, in which the second controlled current source is configured to adjust the second transconductance to a ratio of the input voltage over the output voltage. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The power supply circuit of claim 16, in which the intermediate amplifier includes: a conductive path to receive the control current; and a differential amplifier having: a first input coupled to the conductive path; a second input coupled to receive a portion of the input voltage; and an output configured to deliver the control voltage. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit of claim 1 including: rectifier circuitry having an alternating current voltage input and a direct current voltage output coupled to the third voltage of the intermediate amplifier; and current monitor circuitry having an input coupled to the direct current voltage output and having a current monitor voltage output coupled to the second voltage of the second transconductance amplifier. ### Claim 22 (depends on 11) The power supply circuit of claim 11 including: rectifier circuitry having an alternating current voltage input and a direct current voltage output coupled to the input voltage of the intermediate amplifier; and current monitor circuitry having an input coupled to the direct current voltage output and having a current monitor voltage output coupled to the sensed voltage of the second transconductance amplifier. ### Claim 23 (depends on 16) The power supply circuit of claim 16 including: rectifier circuitry having an alternating current voltage input and a direct current voltage output coupled to the input voltage of the intermediate amplifier; and current monitor circuitry having an input coupled to the direct current voltage output and having a current monitor voltage output coupled to the sensed voltage of the second transconductance amplifier. ### Claim 24 A power supply circuit having a high voltage rail and a low voltage rail, comprising: a direct current voltage input; converter circuitry having a regulated voltage input and a voltage output; and a transconductor circuit including: a first transconductance amplifier having an input coupled to the voltage output, having a first control voltage input and having a control current output, the first transconductance amplifier having a first transconductance; a second transconductance amplifier having a reference voltage input, having a current monitor voltage input coupled to the direct current voltage input, having a second control voltage input, and having a regulated voltage output coupled to the regulated voltage input, the second transconductance amplifier having a second transconductance; and an intermediate amplifier having an input coupled to the direct current voltage input, having an input coupled to the control current output, and having a control voltage output coupled to the first control voltage input and the second control voltage input. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The power supply circuit of claim 24 in which the transconductance circuit has a transconductance proportional to an input voltage on the direct current voltage input and an output voltage on the voltage output. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The power supply circuit of claim 24 in which the first transconductance amplifier and the second transconductance amplifier have circuit components that are fabrication matched. ### Claim 27 (depends on 24) The power supply of claim 24 in which the control voltage output provides a control voltage to result in an approximately identical change in the first transconductance and the second transconductance. ### Claim 28 (depends on 24) The power supply circuit of claim 24 including a feedback loop between the first transconductance amplifier and the intermediate amplifier, the feedback loop including the control current output and the control voltage input. ### Claim 29 (depends on 24) The power supply of claim 24 in which the transconductor circuit includes current monitor circuitry having an input coupled to the direct current voltage input and a current monitor voltage output coupled to the current monitor voltage input. ### Claim 30 (depends on 24) The power supply of claim 24 in which the first transconductance amplifier includes a first control transistor and a first differential pair of transistors coupled between the high voltage rail and the low voltage rail, the first control transistor having a gate coupled to the first control voltage input, the first differential pair of transistors having a gate coupled to the voltage output input and having a drain coupled to the control current output. ### Claim 31 (depends on 24) The power supply of claim 24 in which the second transconductance amplifier includes a second control transistor and a second differential pair of transistors coupled between the high voltage rail and the low voltage rail, the second control transistor having a gate coupled to the second control voltage input, the second differential pair of transistors having a gate coupled to the reference voltage input, having a gate coupled to the current monitor voltage input, and having a drain coupled to the regulated voltage output. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The power supply of claim 31 in which the second differential pair of transistors have drains coupled to differential first and second regulated voltage outputs. ### Claim 33 (depends on 24) The power supply of claim 24 in which the intermediate amplifier is a voltage amplifier having a pair of common gate connected transistors, a control voltage node, and a third differential pair of transistors coupled between the high voltage rail and the low voltage rail, the third differential pair of transistors having a gate coupled to the control current output, and the control node being coupled to the control voltage output. ### Claim 34 (depends on 24) The power supply circuit of claim 24 in which the converter circuitry is buck converter circuitry.