# US 11,079,493 B2 · Determination of integrity of incoming satellite signals of satellite navigation system and mitigation of unwanted signals

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- Number: US 11,079,493 B2
- Document ID: US11079493B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/199,284
- Filed: 2018-11-26
- Published: 2019-04-04
- Granted: 2021-08-03
- Earliest claimed: 2013-10-31
- Assignees: UHU Technologies; Southwest Research Institute
- Applicants: Southwest Research Institute
- Inventors: Thomas Howard Jaeckle
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11079493B2

## CPC

- G01S 19/215: {issues related to spoofing}
- G01S 19/015: {Arrangements for jamming, spoofing or other methods of denial of service of such systems}
- G01S 19/21: Interference related issues {; Issues related to cross-correlation, spoofing or other methods of denial of service}
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES

## Abstract

A system and method for testing the integrity of signals incoming to a satellite navigation system. The method is implemented with an array of antenna elements, and a receiver connected to each antenna element. The receivers simultaneously and continuously make measurements on all tracked signals. Each receiver measures the carrier phase of an incoming signal. Based on the carrier phase differences between antenna elements and the distance between them, the azimuth and elevation of the signal source can be calculated. This measured angle of arrival can then be compared to an expected angle of arrival to determine if the signal source is legitimate. The system and method can be also applied to determining the angle of arrival of sources of interference, and to mitigating the effects of both illegitimate and interfering signals.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of mitigating the reception, by a receiver of a satellite navigation system, of an unwanted signal:
receiving an incoming signal, using a receiver system, wherein the receiver system has an array of antenna elements and a receiver associated with each antenna element;
determining a measured angle of arrival in both azimuth and elevation of the incoming signal by:
receiving the carrier phase of the incoming signal by at least three antenna elements of the array;
calculating carrier phase differences between the at least three elements; and
based on the carrier phase differences and the distance between the at least three antenna elements, calculating the measured angle of arrival;
determining an expected angle of arrival in both azimuth and elevation of at least one other satellite signal, based on a satellite location and on the location of the receiver system;
identifying the incoming signal as the unwanted signal based on a comparison of the measured angle of the arrival and the expected angle of arrival; and
removing the unwanted signal by steering a null toward the unwanted signal in both azimuth and elevation based on the measured angle of arrival.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the unwanted signal is a spoofing signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the unwanted signal is an interfering signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the unwanted signal is a spoofing signal, and wherein the angle of arrival of the unwanted signal is determined by comparing the measured angle of arrival to expected angles of arrival from known satellite locations as determined at least in part by ephemeris data.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the unwanted signal is below the antenna noise temperature.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating a measured angle of arrival of the incoming signal is performed using an arctangent algorithm that projects the incoming signal to the baselines of the at least three antenna elements.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the step of removing the unwanted signal is performed by determining delays of the at least three antenna elements, which when summed, will reduce the antenna response in the direction of the measured angle of arrival.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the determining of delays is performed in an analog manner with phase dividers and phase shifters associated with each of the at least three antenna elements and with a controller to determine delays for each antenna element.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the determining of delays is performed digitally.