# US 11,079,480 B2 · FMCW lidar with wavelength diversity > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,079,480 B2 - Document ID: US11079480B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/236,484 - Filed: 2018-12-29 - Published: 2020-07-02 - Granted: 2021-08-03 - Earliest claimed: 2018-12-29 - Assignees: GM Cruise Holdings LLC - Applicants: GM Cruise Holdings LLC - Inventors: Lutfollah Maleki - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11079480B2 ## CPC - G01S 7/4815: {using multiple transmitters} - G01S 7/4911: Transmitters - G01S 17/26: wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency-modulated or phase-modulated carrier wave, e.g. for pulse compression of received signals - G01S 17/34: using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal - G01S 17/58: Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems - G02F 2203/54: Optical pulse train (comb) synthesizer - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract Various technologies described herein pertain to multiple laser, single optical resonator lidar systems. A lidar system includes a single optical resonator optically coupled to at least a first laser and a second laser. The optical resonator is formed of an electrooptic material. The first laser and the second laser are optically injection locked to the optical resonator. Moreover, a modulator applies a time-varying voltage to the optical resonator to control modulation of an optical property of the electrooptic material, which causes the first laser to generate a first frequency modulated optical signal comprising a first series of optical chirps and/or the second laser to generate a second frequency modulated optical signal comprising a second series of optical chirps. Further, front end optics transmits at least a portion of the first frequency modulated optical signal and/or the second frequency modulated optical signal into an environment from the lidar system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A lidar system, comprising: a first laser configured to operate at a first wavelength; a second laser configured to operate at a second wavelength, wherein the second wavelength differs from the first wavelength; an optical resonator that is optically coupled to both the first laser and the second laser, the optical resonator being formed of an electrooptic material, wherein the first laser and the second laser are optically injection locked to the optical resonator; a single modulator configured to apply a time-varying voltage to the optical resonator, the time-varying voltage controls modulation of an optical property of the electrooptic material to cause the first laser to generate a first frequency modulated optical signal comprising a first series of optical chirps and the second laser to generate a second frequency modulated optical signal comprising a second series of optical chirps; a beam combiner configured to combine the first frequency modulated optical signal and the second frequency modulated optical signal to form a combined frequency modulated optical signal; and front end optics configured to transmit at least a portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal into an environment from the lidar system. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The lidar system of claim 1, the first wavelength and the second wavelength being separated by more than 20 nm and less than 40 nm. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The lidar system of claim 1, the first wavelength and the second wavelength being separate by more than 25 nm and less than 35 nm. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The lidar system of claim 1, the first wavelength being 1530 nm and the second wavelength being 1560 nm. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The lidar system of claim 1, further comprising: a beam splitter configured to split the combined frequency modulated optical signal into the portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal to be transmitted into the environment and a local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The lidar system of claim 5, wherein: the front end optics further configured to receive a reflected optical signal, the reflected optical signal corresponds to at least a part of the portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal that reflected off an object in the environment; the lidar system further comprises: a sensor configured to mix the reflected optical signal with the local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal; and processing circuitry that is configured to compute distance and velocity data of the object based on the reflected optical signal mixed with the local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The lidar system of claim 1, further comprising: a photonics integrated circuit, wherein at least the first laser, the second laser, and the optical resonator are integrated on the photonics integrated circuit. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The lidar system of claim 1, the optical resonator is a whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The lidar system of claim 1, the optical property of the electrooptic material comprises an index of refraction. ### Claim 10 A lidar system, comprising: a photonics integrated circuit, comprising: a first laser configured to operate at a first wavelength; a second laser configured to operate at a second wavelength, wherein the second wavelength differs from the first wavelength; an optical resonator that is optically coupled to both the first laser and the second laser, the optical resonator being formed of an electrooptic material, wherein the first laser and the second laser are optically injection locked to the optical resonator; a single modulator configured to apply a time-varying voltage to the optical resonator, the time-varying voltage controls modulation of an optical property of the electrooptic material to cause the first laser to generate a first frequency modulated optical signal comprising a first series of optical chirps and the second laser to generate a second frequency modulated optical signal comprising a second series of optical chirps; and a beam combiner configured to combine the first frequency modulated optical signal and the second frequency modulated optical signal to form a combined frequency modulated optical signal; and front end optics optically coupled to the photonics integrated circuit, the front end optics configured to transmit at least a portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal into an environment from the lidar system. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The lidar system of claim 10, the photonics integrated circuit further comprises: a beam splitter configured to split the combined frequency modulated optical signal into the portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal to be transmitted into the environment and a local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The lidar system of claim 11, wherein: the front end optics are further configured to receive a reflected optical signal, the reflected optical signal corresponds to at least a part of the portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal that reflected off an object in the environment; the photonics integrated circuit further comprises: a sensor configured to mix the reflected optical signal with the local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The lidar system of claim 12, the photonics integrated circuit further comprises: processing circuitry that is configured to compute distance and velocity data of the object based on the reflected optical signal mixed with the local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The lidar system of claim 10, the first wavelength and the second wavelength being separated by more than 20 nm and less than 40 nm. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The lidar system of claim 10, the first wavelength and the second wavelength being separate by more than 25 nm and less than 35 nm. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The lidar system of claim 10, the first wavelength being 1530 nm and the second wavelength being 1560 nm. ### Claim 17 A method of operating a lidar system, comprising: applying a time-varying voltage to an optical resonator of the lidar system, the time-varying voltage being applied to the optical resonator by a single modulator of the lidar system, the optical resonator being optically coupled to both a first laser of the lidar system and a second laser of the lidar system, the first laser is configured to operate at a first wavelength and the second laser is configured to operate at a differing, second wavelength, the optical resonator being formed of an electrooptic material, the first laser and the second laser are optically injection locked to the optical resonator, the time-varying voltage controls modulation of an optical property of the electrooptic material to cause the first laser to generate a first frequency modulated optical signal comprising a first series of optical chirps and the second laser to generate a second frequency modulated optical signal comprising a second series of optical chirps; combining the first frequency modulated optical signal and the second frequency modulated optical signal to form a combined frequency modulated optical signal; and transmitting at least a portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal into an environment from the lidar system. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, further comprising: splitting the combined frequency modulated optical signal into the portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal to be transmitted into the environment and a local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, further comprising: receiving a reflected optical signal, the reflected optical signal corresponds to at least a part of the portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal that reflected off an object in the environment; mixing the reflected optical signal with the local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal; and determining distance and velocity data of the object based on the reflected optical signal mixed with the local oscillator portion of the combined frequency modulated optical signal. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, the first wavelength and the second wavelength being separated by more than 20 nm and less than 40 nm.