# US 11,079,308 B2 · Continuous determination of medium stiffness and load gain for adaptive actuator control

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- Number: US 11,079,308 B2
- Document ID: US11079308B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/149,615
- Filed: 2018-10-02
- Published: 2019-04-11
- Granted: 2021-08-03
- Earliest claimed: 2017-10-09
- Assignees: Waters Technologies Corporation
- Applicants: Waters Technologies Corporation
- Inventors: Kevin Alstrin
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11079308B2

## CPC

- G01N 3/02: Details
- G01N 3/00: Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N 3/32: by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N 3/08: by applying steady tensile or compressive forces (G01N3/28 takes precedence)
- G01N 2203/0012: Constant speed test
- G01N 2203/005: Electromagnetic means
- G01N 2203/0208: Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
- G01N 2203/0676: Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)

## Abstract

An actuator control system, mechanical testing system, and method for adaptive control of an actuator of a mechanical testing device may include determining a stiffness of a medium that the actuator is moving through and/or load gain of the actuator, wherein the stiffness and load gain is determined by generating a waveform to actuate the actuator until a load sensor signal and/or a displacement sensor signal is received, and controllably moving the actuator through the medium according to a predefined constant velocity by calculating a current request using the stiffness of the medium, and/or adjusting the load of the actuator in accordance with a constant load ramp rate.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for adaptive control of an actuator of a mechanical testing device, the method comprising:
generating an actuator current waveform to move an actuator, wherein the actuator current waveform is a periodic waveform;
moving an actuator through a medium in response to a first current request and the actuator current waveform;
determining a displacement of the actuator based on a displacement sensor signal;
determining a stiffness of the medium based on the displacement of the actuator;
determining a second current request based on the stiffness of the medium; and
moving the actuator through the medium according to a predefined constant velocity in response to the second current request and the current actuator waveform.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stiffness is at least one of: a ratio of a load amplitude to an amplitude of a current request associated with the waveform, a ratio of a displacement amplitude to an amplitude of the current request associated with the waveform, a gain equal to a slope of a force measured by the load sensor to the current request, or a slope of displacement measured by the displacement sensor and the current request, which are obtained by the load sensor signal and the displacement sensor signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the actuator current waveform is a signal carrier waveform having a frequency between 3 Hz and 10 Hz.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed prior to or after a testing cycle to accommodate a utility adjustment of the mechanical testing device.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stiffness is periodically determined by generating the actuator current waveform at least 3 times per second.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the current request is calculated by multiplying the stiffness of the medium and a position error, the position error being a difference between a desired position of the actuator and an actual position of the actuator.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the desired position is input by a user using a mechanical testing system coupled to the mechanical testing device.

### Claim 8

A method for adaptive control of an actuator of a mechanical testing device, the method comprising:
generating an actuator current waveform to move an actuator, wherein the actuator current waveform is a periodic waveform;
moving an actuator through a medium in response to a first current request and the actuator current waveform;
determining a load gain of the actuator based on a load sensor signal;
determining a stiffness of the medium based on the load gain of the actuator;
determining a second current request based on the stiffness of the medium; and
moving the actuator through the medium according to a predefined constant load ramp rate in response to the second current request and the current actuator waveform.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the second current request is calculated by multiplying the load gain of the actuator and a load error, the load error being a difference between a desired load of the actuator and an actual load of the actuator.

### Claim 10

A mechanical testing system comprising:
a mechanical testing device having an actuator, a load sensor and a displacement sensor; and
a computing system coupled to the mechanical testing device and having a processor, a memory device coupled to the processor, and a computer readable storage device coupled to the processor;
wherein the computer readable storage device contains program code executable by the processor via the memory device to implement a method for adaptive control of an actuator of a mechanical testing device, the method comprising:
generating, by the processor, an actuator current waveform to move the actuator;
controlling, by the processor, a movement of the actuator through a medium in response to a first current request and the actuator current waveform;
determining, by the processor, a position error by comparing a desired position of the actuator with an actual position of the actuator, and a load error by comparing a desired load of the actuator with an actual load of the actuator;
calculating, by the processor, a stiffness of the medium based on at least one of the position error and the load error;
calculating, by the processor, a second current request using the determined stiffness of the medium, the position error, and the load error; and
controlling, by the processor, the movement and the actual load of the actuator using the second current request to achieve the desired position and desired load while maintaining both a uniform velocity and uniform load ramp rate.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The mechanical testing system of claim 10, wherein the actuator current waveform is generated multiple times over an update period to repeatedly determine the stiffness of the medium and the load gain of the actuator.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The mechanical testing system of claim 10, wherein the waveform is a signal carrier waveform having a frequency between 3 Hz and 10 Hz.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The mechanical testing system of claim 10, wherein the stiffness is at least one of: a ratio of a load amplitude to an amplitude of a current request associated with the waveform, a ratio of a displacement amplitude to an amplitude of the current request associated with the waveform, a gain equal to a slope of a force measured by the load sensor to the current request, or a slope of displacement measured by the displacement sensor and the current request, which are obtained by the load sensor signal and the displacement sensor signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The mechanical testing system of claim 10, wherein the method is performed prior to or after a testing cycle to accommodate a utility adjustment of the mechanical testing device.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The mechanical testing system of claim 10, wherein the second current request is calculated by multiplying the stiffness of the medium and the position error and by multiplying the load gain of the actuator and the load error.