# US 11,078,884 B2 · Determining wind direction offset using yaw events

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- Number: US 11,078,884 B2
- Document ID: US11078884B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/314,000
- Filed: 2017-06-29
- Published: 2019-06-06
- Granted: 2021-08-03
- Earliest claimed: 2016-06-30
- Assignees: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
- Applicants: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
- Inventors: Johnny Nielsen
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11078884B2

## CPC

- F03D 7/0204: {for orientation in relation to wind direction}
- F03D 17/00: Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics (testing during commissioning of wind motors F03D13/30)
- F05B 2270/321: Wind directions
- F05B 2270/329: Azimuth or yaw angle
- F05B 2270/802: Calibration thereof
- Y02E 10/72: Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
- F03D: WIND MOTORS
- F05B: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A wind turbine includes a wind direction sensor, a yawing system, and a control system for yawing the wind turbine rotor relative to the wind. The control system measures a wind direction parameter by the wind direction sensor Over time a group of data sets is obtained and a wind direction offset is determined from the group of data sets which is used to adjust the wind direction parameter. The adjusted wind direction parameter is then used in the controlling of the wind turbine.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of controlling a wind turbine, the method comprising:
obtaining a plurality of data sets corresponding to a plurality of yaw events, wherein each yaw event of the plurality of yaw events comprises:
determining a first value of a wind direction parameter;
determining a yaw parameter of the wind turbine as a function of the wind direction parameter;
controlling a yawing system of the wind turbine according to the yaw parameter, wherein the wind turbine is yawed by a yaw angle;
determining a second value of the wind direction parameter after the wind turbine is yawed by the yaw angle; and
determining a respective data set of the plurality of data sets that corresponds to the yaw event, wherein the data set comprises the wind direction parameter, a first difference between the first value and the second value of the wind direction parameter, and the yaw angle;
determining a wind direction offset using the plurality of data sets;
adjusting values of the wind direction parameter as a function of the wind direction offset; and
controlling the wind turbine according to the adjusted values of the wind direction parameter.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, for each data set of the plurality of data sets, a second difference between the yaw angle and the first difference,
wherein determining the wind direction offset comprises determining an average of the second differences for the plurality of data sets.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein each yaw event comprises multiple instances of determining the yaw parameter and controlling the yawing system.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein determining the yaw parameter and controlling the yawing system are repeated until the second value of the wind direction parameter is within a pre-defined threshold of zero degrees.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining the wind direction offset comprises determining a plurality of wind direction offsets corresponding to a plurality of pre-defined wind direction intervals, and wherein each data set is allocated to a wind direction interval according to the first value of the wind direction parameter in the data set.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein adjusting values of the wind direction parameter comprises, for each of the values:
determining which wind direction interval of the plurality of wind direction intervals comprises the value; and
applying the wind direction offset corresponding to the wind direction interval.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1,
wherein obtaining a plurality of data sets comprises obtaining a respective plurality of data sets for each wind speed interval of a plurality of pre-defined wind speed intervals,
wherein determining the wind direction offset comprises determining a plurality of wind direction offsets corresponding to the plurality of pre-defined wind speed intervals, and
wherein each data set is allocated to a respective wind speed interval according to a wind speed at a time during the yaw event of the data set.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting values of the wind direction parameter comprises, for each of the values:
applying the wind direction offset corresponding to the wind speed interval comprising a wind speed at the time of adjusting.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting values of the wind direction parameter comprises:
applying an interpolation function between the wind direction offsets corresponding to different wind speed intervals.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the plurality of data sets occurs during a predetermined time period.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the plurality of data sets occurs according to a predetermined number of data sets.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein multiple instances of obtaining the plurality of data sets and determining the wind direction offset are performed according to a time interval.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the plurality of data sets and determining the wind direction offset are performed a predefined number of times.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting values of the wind direction parameter comprises subtracting the wind direction offset.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting values of the wind direction parameter is also a function of one or more previous wind direction offsets.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining each of the first value and the second value of the wind direction parameter comprises:
obtaining a measurement using a wind direction sensor of the wind turbine.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting values of the wind direction parameter comprises subtracting a product of the wind direction offset and a gain factor smaller than one.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein the gain factor is in the interval of 0.1-0.95.

### Claim 19

A control system for a wind turbine, the control system comprising:
a controller configured to perform an operation comprising:
obtaining a plurality of data sets corresponding to a plurality of yaw events, wherein each yaw event of the plurality of yaw events comprises:
receiving, from a sensor of the wind turbine, a first value of a wind direction parameter;
determining a yaw parameter of the wind turbine as a function of the wind direction parameter;
controlling a yawing system of the wind turbine according to the yaw parameter, wherein the wind turbine is yawed by a yaw angle;
receiving, from the sensor, a second value of the wind direction parameter after the wind turbine is yawed by the yaw angle; and
determining a respective data set of the plurality of data sets that corresponds to the yaw event, wherein the data set comprises the wind direction parameter, a first difference between the first value and the second value of the wind direction parameter, and the yaw angle;
determining a wind direction offset using the plurality of data sets;
adjusting values of the wind direction parameter as a function of the wind direction offset; and
controlling the wind turbine according to the adjusted values of the wind direction parameter.

### Claim 20

A wind turbine, comprising:
a rotor;
a sensor configured to detect values of a wind direction parameter;
a yawing system configured to yaw the rotor; and
a control system configured to perform an operation, comprising:
obtaining a plurality of data sets corresponding to a plurality of yaw events, wherein each yaw event of the plurality of yaw events comprises:
measuring, using the sensor, a first value of the wind direction parameter;
determining a yaw parameter of the wind turbine as a function of the wind direction parameter;
controlling the yawing system according to the yaw parameter, wherein the wind turbine is yawed by a yaw angle;
measuring, using the sensor, a second value of the wind direction parameter after the wind turbine is yawed by the yaw angle; and
determining a respective data set of the plurality of data sets that corresponds to the yaw event, wherein the data set comprises the wind direction parameter, a difference between the first value and the second value of the wind direction parameter, and the yaw angle;
determining a wind direction offset using the plurality of data sets;
adjusting values of the wind direction parameter as a function of the wind direction offset; and
controlling the wind turbine according to the adjusted values of the wind direction parameter.