# US 11,078,436 B2 · Lubricant for preventing and removing carbon deposits in internal combustion engines

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- Number: US 11,078,436 B2
- Document ID: US11078436B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/302,341
- Filed: 2015-04-10
- Published: 2017-02-02
- Granted: 2021-08-03
- Earliest claimed: 2014-04-11
- Assignees: Valvoline Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC
- Applicants: Valvoline Licensing and Intellectual Property, LLC
- Inventors: Ying Yang; Frances E. Lockwood; Daniel J. Dotson; Joshua Frederick; Jamie Daasch
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11078436B2

## CPC

- C10M 111/04: at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
- C10M 111/02: at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M 169/04: Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M 2203/024: unsaturated
- C10M 2203/1006: used as base material
- C10M 2203/1025: used as base material
- C10M 2203/1065: used as base material
- C10M 2205/0285: used as base material
- C10M 2205/223: used as base material
- C10M 2207/0406: used as base material
- C10M 2207/2805: used as base material
- C10M 2207/2825: used as base material
- C10M 2207/2835: used as base material
- C10M 2209/1023: used as base material
- C10M 2209/1033: used as base material
- C10M 2215/064: Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M 2227/061: Esters derived from boron
- C10N 2030/02: Pour-point; Viscosity index
- C10N 2030/04: Detergent property or dispersant property
- C10N 2030/10: Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C10N 2030/12: Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
- C10N 2030/18: Anti-foaming property
- C10N 2030/52: {Base number [TBN]}
- C10N 2030/70: {Soluble oils}
- C10N 2030/74: {Noack Volatility}
- C10N 2040/25: Internal-combustion engines
- C10M: LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well drilling compositions C09K8/02); USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION (mould release, i.e. separating, agents for metals B22C3/00, for plastics or substances in a plastic state, in general B29C33/56, for glass C03B40/02; textile lubricating compositions D06M11/00, D06M13/00, D06M15/00; immersion oils for microscopy G02B21/33)
- C10N: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS

## Abstract

A lubricant formulation which is effective to remove or prevent carbon deposits in internal combustion engines has a solvency as defined by aniline point from about 20 to about 115, a volatility (as measured by NOACK) of less than 15%, an oxidative stability (as measured by PDSC) of above 40 minutes and a base oil viscosity of above 2 and below 10 cSt. The lubricant formulation can be formed from a blend of Group III, IV and V lubricants, in particularly polyalphaolefins, alkylated naphthalenes and polar Group V base stocks such as polyol esters. The carbon deposits can be removed from the engine piston by simply running the engine with the lubricant for one required cycle, or can be used continuously in the engine to prevent buildup.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A lubricant formulation having an oxidative stability (as measured by PDSC) above 51 minutes and a volatility (as measured by NOACK) of less than 15%; said formulation including a base oil blend formed from Groups III or IV, or a mixture of the two, and an amount of Group V base oil having a solvency of the base oil blend as defined by aniline point of from 20° C. to 95° C. and a viscosity at 100° C. (as measured by ASTM D445) of from about 2 to about 10 cSt, wherein said lubricant formulation includes at least about 35% of said Group V base oil, wherein a viscosity at 100° C. (as measured by ASTM D445) of each polyalphaolefin base oil in said base oil blend is about 6 cSt or less, and wherein said lubricant formulation includes a metal-containing additive, said additive providing a zinc content of about 735 ppm or higher.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1, wherein said base oil blend includes a polyalphaolefin, and a Group V base oil of higher viscosity than the polyalphaolefin.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1 having an additive package including a borate ester.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The formulation of claim 2 wherein the Group V base oil is a polar ester wherein the viscosity of the polar ester is greater than 5 cSt.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1 having the viscosity index of the base oil mix composition greater than 120 by ASTM method 2270.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The formulation of claim 5 having a viscosity index greater than 150.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1 including an ashless TBN (acid neutralizer) in the range of 0.1 to 2% of the final composition.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1, comprising a base oil blend of polyalphaolefin, alkylated naphthalene and polyol ester.

### Claim 9 (depends on 2)

The formulation of claim 2, wherein said Group V base oil includes an oil selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, diesters, polyalkylene glycols, estolides and combinations thereof.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1 having a volatility of less than 10% and a TEOST 33 less than 20 mg.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The formulation of claim 10 having a base oil blend with 20% to about 80% by weight Group V and from about 80% to 20% by weight PAO.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The formulation of claim 10 wherein said base oil blend has an aniline point of 50-95° C.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The formulation of claim 12 having a PDSC of at least 100 minutes.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The formulation of claim 11 wherein said PAO has a first viscosity and said Group V base oil has a second viscosity and said second viscosity is greater than said first viscosity.

### Claim 15 (depends on 2)

The formulation of claim 2, said base oil blend having an aniline point of at least 50° C.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1, said base oil blend having an aniline point of at least 55° C.

### Claim 17

A lubricant formulation having an oxidative stability (as measured by PDSC) above 51 minutes and a volatility (as measured by NOACK) of less than 15%;
said formulation including a base oil blend formed from Groups III or IV, or a mixture of the two, and an amount of Group V base oil having a solvency of the base oil blend as defined by aniline point of from 20° C. to 95° C. and a viscosity at 100° C. (as measured by ASTM D445) of from about 2 to about 10 cSt, wherein said lubricant formulation includes at least about 35% of said Group V base oil, wherein each said Group V base oil has a higher viscosity than a paraffinic oil in said lubricant formulation, said paraffinic oil including each said Group IV base oil, and wherein said lubricant formulation includes a metal-containing additive, said additive providing a zinc content of about 735 ppm or higher.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The formulation of claim 17, comprising a base oil blend of polyalphaolefin, alkylated naphthalene and polyol ester.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The formulation of claim 17, wherein said Group V base oil includes an oil selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, diesters, polyalkylene glycols, estolides and combinations thereof.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The formulation of claim 17 having a volatility of less than 10% and a TEOST 33 less than 20 mg.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

The formulation of claim 17 wherein said base oil blend has an aniline point of from 50 to 95° C.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The formulation of claim 1 having at least one of a detergent and a dispersant.

### Claim 23 (depends on 17)

The formulation of claim 17 having at least one of a detergent and a dispersant.