# US 11,078,405 B2 · 3 in 1 foam formulation for enhanced oil recovery including conformance control, ultra-low interfacial tension, and wettability alteration > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,078,405 B2 - Document ID: US11078405B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/990,653 - Filed: 2020-08-11 - Published: 2020-11-26 - Granted: 2021-08-03 - Earliest claimed: 2017-03-09 - Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Inventors: Ayrat Gizzatov; Shehab Alzobaidi; Amr Abdel-Fattah - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11078405B2 ## CPC - C09K 8/594: Compositions used in combination with injected gas {, e.g. CO2 orcarbonated gas}(C09K8/592 takes precedence) - C09K 8/584: characterised by the use of specific surfactants - E21B 43/164: {Injecting CO2 or carbonated water (in combination with organic material C09K8/594)} - E21B 43/166: {Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium (CO2 injection E21B43/164; steam injection E21B43/24)} - C09K 2208/10: Nanoparticle-containing well treatment fluids - C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS ## Abstract Embodiments of the disclosure provide compositions and methods suitable for injection of a nanosurfactant-based foam composition into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation for enhanced recovery operations. The nanosurfactant-based foam composition includes a gaseous component and nanoassemblies. The nanoassemblies contain a petroleum sulfonate surfactant, mineral oil, and a zwitterionic co-surfactant. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of producing hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing formation, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a nanosurfactant composition, the nanosurfactant composition formed by the steps of: combining a sulfonate surfactant, an oil, and fresh water to form a first mixture; combining a zwitterionic co-surfactant and the fresh water to form a second mixture; combining the first mixture and the second mixture to form a third mixture; and combining the third mixture and saline water to form the nanosurfactant composition, the saline water comprising divalent cations, the nanosurfactant composition comprising a nanoassembly, wherein the nanoassembly has a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior, the hydrophobic interior comprising the sulfonate surfactant, a hydrophobic portion of the zwitterionic co-surfactant, and the oil, the hydrophilic exterior comprising a hydrophilic portion of the zwitterionic co-surfactant, wherein the hydrophilic portion of the zwitterionic co-surfactant stabilizes the nanoassembly by interacting with the divalent cations present in the saline water, wherein the oil facilitates containment of the sulfonate surfactant in the hydrophobic interior of the nanoassembly, wherein the quantity of the sulfonate surfactant in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.1 wt % and 0.25 wt %, wherein the quantity of the oil in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.002 wt % and 0.02 wt %; and introducing the nanosurfactant composition and a gaseous component into the hydrocarbon-bearing formation such that a nanosurfactant-based foam is generated to displace the hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon-bearing formation, wherein the nanosurfactant-based foam reduces interfacial tension between the hydrocarbons and the saline water. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoassembly has a diameter ranging between 10 nm and 100 nm. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonate surfactant is petroleum sulfonate. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the petroleum sulfonate includes one selected from the group consisting of: an alkyl sulfonate, and alkyl aryl sulfonate, and combinations of the same. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: a sulfobetaine, a carboxybetaine, and combinations of the same. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic co-surfactant is cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic co-surfactant is lauryl betaine. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosurfactant composition has a zwitterionic co-surfactant content ranging between 0.01 wt. % and 0.25 wt. %. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the oil is mineral oil. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the gaseous component is selected from the group consisting of: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and combinations of the same. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the fresh water has a total dissolved solids concentration less than 3,000 ppm. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the saline water has a total dissolved solids concentration greater than 10,000 ppm. ### Claim 13 A nanosurfactant-based foam composition suitable for injection into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation for enhanced oil recovery operations, the nanosurfactant-based foam composition comprising: a gaseous component; and a nanosurfactant composition, the nanosurfactant composition comprising: a nanoassembly, the nanoassembly comprising: a hydrophobic interior, the hydrophobic interior comprising: petroleum sulfonate; a hydrophobic portion of a zwitterionic co-surfactant; and mineral oil; and a hydrophilic exterior, the hydrophilic exterior comprising a hydrophilic portion of the zwitterionic co-surfactant; and an aqueous environment, the aqueous environment comprising divalent cations, wherein the hydrophilic portion of the zwitterionic co-surfactant is configured to stabilize the nanoassembly by interacting with the divalent cations present in the aqueous environment, wherein the mineral oil is configured to facilitate containment of the petroleum sulfonate in the hydrophobic interior of the nanoassembly, wherein the quantity of the petroleum sulfonate in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.1 wt % and 0.25 wt %, wherein the quantity of the mineral oil in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.002 wt % and 0.02 wt %. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The nanosurfactant-based foam composition of claim 13, wherein the nanoassembly has a diameter ranging between 10 nm and 100 nm. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The nanosurfactant-based foam composition of claim 13, wherein the zwitterionic co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: a sulfobetaine, a carboxybetaine, and combinations of the same. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The nanosurfactant-based foam composition of claim 13, wherein the zwitterionic co-surfactant is cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The nanosurfactant-based foam composition of claim 13, wherein the zwitterionic co-surfactant is lauryl betaine. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The nanosurfactant-based foam composition of claim 13, wherein the gaseous component is selected from the group consisting of: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and combinations of the same. ### Claim 19 A method of enhanced oil recovery, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a nanosurfactant composition, the nanosurfactant composition formed by the steps of: combining petroleum sulfonate, mineral oil, and fresh water to form a first mixture; combining cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine and the fresh water to form a second mixture; combining the first mixture and the second mixture to form a third mixture; and combining the third mixture and saline water to form the nanosurfactant composition, the saline water comprising divalent cations, the nanosurfactant composition comprising a nanoassembly, wherein the nanoassembly has a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior, the hydrophobic interior comprising the petroleum sulfonate, a hydrophobic portion of the cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, and the mineral oil, the hydrophilic exterior comprising a hydrophilic portion of the cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, wherein the hydrophilic portion of the cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine stabilizes the nanoassembly by interacting with the divalent cations present in the saline water, wherein the mineral oil facilitates containment of the petroleum sulfonate in the hydrophobic interior of the nanoassembly, wherein the quantity of the petroleum sulfonate in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.1 wt % and 0.25 wt %, wherein the quantity of the mineral oil in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.002 wt % and 0.02 wt %; and introducing the nanosurfactant composition and nitrogen gas into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation such that a nanosurfactant-based foam is generated to displace hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon-bearing formation, wherein the nanosurfactant-based foam reduces interfacial tension between the hydrocarbons and the saline water. ### Claim 20 A method of enhanced oil recovery, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a nanosurfactant composition, the nanosurfactant composition formed by the steps of: combining petroleum sulfonate, mineral oil, and fresh water to form a first mixture; combining lauryl betaine and the fresh water to form a second mixture; combining the first mixture and the second mixture to form a third mixture; and combining the third mixture and saline water to form the nanosurfactant composition, the saline water comprising divalent cations, the nanosurfactant composition comprising a nanoassembly, wherein the nanoassembly has a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior, the hydrophobic interior comprising the petroleum sulfonate, a hydrophobic portion of the lauryl betaine, and the mineral oil, the hydrophilic exterior comprising a hydrophilic portion of the lauryl betaine, wherein the hydrophilic portion of the lauryl betaine stabilizes the nanoassembly by interacting with the divalent cations present in the saline water, wherein the mineral oil facilitates containment of the petroleum sulfonate in the hydrophobic interior of the nanoassembly, wherein the quantity of the petroleum sulfonate in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.1 wt % and 0.25 wt %, wherein the quantity of the mineral oil in the nanosurfactant composition ranges between 0.002 wt % and 0.02 wt %; and introducing the nanosurfactant composition and nitrogen gas into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation such that a nanosurfactant-based foam is generated to displace hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon-bearing formation, wherein the nanosurfactant-based foam reduces interfacial tension between the hydrocarbons and the saline water.