# US 11,077,625 B2 · Thermoplastic welding apparatus and related methods

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- Number: US 11,077,625 B2
- Document ID: US11077625B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/411,589
- Filed: 2017-01-20
- Published: 2017-06-15
- Granted: 2021-08-03
- Earliest claimed: 2011-05-17
- Assignees: The Boeing Company
- Applicants: The Boeing Company
- Inventors: Marc R. Matsen; Mark A. Negley; William Preston Geren; Robert Miller
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11077625B2

## CPC

- B29C 65/3676: {being metallic}
- B29C 65/3612: {comprising fillers}
- B29C 65/3644: {being a ribbon, band or strip}
- B29C 65/3668: {characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils}
- B29C 66/00145: {Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum}
- B29C 66/1122: {Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints (B29C66/45, B29C66/472, B29C66/52272 take precedence)}
- B29C 66/41: {Joining substantially flat articles (B29C66/47 and subgroups take precedence); Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles (B29C66/51 and subgroups take precedence)}
- B29C 66/474: {said single elements being substantially non-flat}
- B29C 66/524: {Joining profiled elements}
- B29C 66/721: {Fibre-reinforced materials (B29C66/729 takes precedence)}
- B29C 66/7392: {characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic}
- B29C 66/73921: {characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics}
- B29C 66/8126: {characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps}
- H05B 6/105: {using a susceptor}
- B29C 66/7212: {characterised by the composition of the fibres}
- B29C 66/7394: {characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset}
- B29C 66/8122: {characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps}
- B29C 66/81457: {comprising a block or layer of deformable material, e.g. sponge, foam, rubber (pressing elements supported or backed-up by resilient material B29C66/8161)}
- B29K 2905/12: Iron
- B29K 2995/0008: Magnetic or paramagnetic
- B29L 2031/3076: {Aircrafts (blades, propellers B29L2031/08)}
- H05B 2206/023: using the curie point of the material in which heating current is being generated to control the heating temperature
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- B29K: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR {MOULDS, } REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29L: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES

## Abstract

Thermoplastic welding apparatus and related methods are disclosed. An example method includes providing a smart susceptor between composite parts that are to be joined via thermoplastic welding. The example method includes positioning the composite parts and the smart susceptor on a tooling surface within a cavity of a tooling apparatus and applying a seal to the composite parts and the tooling surface to form a vacuum chamber between the composite parts and the tooling surface at a welding joint of the composite parts; producing a magnetic field at the welding joint. The example method includes providing a vacuum in the vacuum chamber during a welding operation.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method comprising:
providing a smart susceptor between a first composite part and a second composite part that are to be joined via thermoplastic welding;
positioning the first and second composite parts and the smart susceptor on a tooling surface within a cavity of a tooling apparatus;
forming a gas seal over a welding joint defined by the first composite part, the second composite part and the tooling surface, the gas seal to provide a sealed portion in communication with the tooling surface and a non-sealed portion in communication with the cavity;
producing a magnetic field at the welding joint; and
providing a vacuum, during a thermoplastic welding operation, to only a portion of the composite parts located within a perimeter of the sealed portion defining the welding joint.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein forming the gas seal includes applying tape to edges of the second composite part when the first and second composite parts are positioned on the tooling surface of the tooling apparatus.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a pressure to the first and second composite parts positioned in the non-sealed portion in communication with the cavity that is greater than the vacuum applied to the first and second composite parts positioned inside of the sealed portion to provide a welding pressure to compress the smart susceptor between the composite parts during the thermoplastic welding operation.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein producing the magnetic field includes generating a magnetic field that is oriented substantially parallel to a plane of the smart susceptor and planes of the first and second composite parts to be joined via thermoplastic welding.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, further comprising positioning a ferromagnetic material adjacent the cavity to direct a magnetic field flux to the smart susceptor and reduce leakage of the magnetic field flux to the first and second composite parts.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, further comprising positioning a non-electrically conductive material in the cavity of the tooling surface adjacent at least one of the first and second composite parts.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, further including positioning a ferromagnetic material in the tooling surface adjacent the non-electrically conductive material.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein generating the magnetic field in parallel relationship to the plane of the smart susceptor includes placing a non-electrically conductive material in contact with the at least one of the first and second composite parts and providing at least one ferrite material adjacent the non-electrically conductive material.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a tooling force to compress the smart susceptor between the first and second composite parts during welding.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein providing the vacuum to the portion of the tooling surface defined within the perimeter of the sealed portion provides a pressure differential between the sealed portion and the non-sealed portion to compress the smart susceptor between the first and second composite parts while the vacuum is applied to the welding joint.

### Claim 11

A method comprising:
positioning a smart susceptor between a first composite part and second composite part;
positioning the first composite part, the second composite part and the smart susceptor in a cavity defined by a tooling surface of a thermoplastic welding apparatus;
applying a tape to a perimeter of the first composite part and the second composite part and only to a portion of the tooling surface at perimeter edges of the first composite part and the second composite part to form a gas seal over a welding joint defined by the smart susceptor and the first and second composite parts;
applying a welding pressure only to the portions of the first composite part and the second composite part located within the perimeter defined by the tape to cause the smart susceptor to compress between the first composite part and the second composite part, wherein the applying the welding pressure includes generating a pressure differential between the cavity and the gas seal by providing a vacuum only to the tool surface located inside of the perimeter defined by the tape and providing a gas pressure outside of the perimeter defined by the tape that is greater than the vacuum; and
generating a first magnetic field adjacent the smart susceptor via a first inductor provided adjacent the tooling surface.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the vacuum enables the parts and the smart susceptor to be held in contact at the welding joint when the parts are being welded together.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further including generating a second magnetic field adjacent the smart susceptor via a second magnetic inductor.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further including applying the tape to the first and second composite parts and the tooling surface such that the tape forms an L-shape.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further including attaching a first leg of the tape to a first side surface of the first composite part and a first side surface of the second composite part, and attaching a second leg of the tape to the portion of the tooling surface adjacent the first and second composite parts.

### Claim 16

A method comprising:
positioning a smart susceptor between opposing surfaces of a first composite part and a second composite part;
positioning the first and second composite parts and the smart susceptor on a tooling surface defining a cavity of a welding tool;
sealing a perimeter of the first and second composite parts and a portion of the tooling surface adjacent the perimeter of the first and second composite parts to provide a gas seal over a welding joint, the welding joint defining a sealed portion in communication with the tooling surface and a non-sealed portion in communication with the cavity;
applying a vacuum to the welding joint of the first and second composite parts during a welding operation; and
generating a magnetic flux field oriented generally parallel to a plane of the smart susceptor during the welding operation.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein applying the vacuum includes applying the vacuum in the sealed portion and applying a pressure in the non-sealed portion that is greater than the vacuum.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein sealing the perimeter includes applying a tape to the perimeter of the composite parts and the portion of the tooling surface adjacent the perimeter of the first and second composite parts, the tape forming the sealed portion at the perimeter of the first and second composite parts and the portion of the tooling surface on which the first and second composite parts are positioned.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein positioning the smart susceptor between the first and second composite parts includes placing a molypermalloy between the opposing surfaces of the first and second composite parts.