# US 11,077,621 B2 · Fastening objects to each other > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,077,621 B2 - Document ID: US11077621B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/092,528 - Filed: 2017-04-11 - Published: 2019-06-06 - Granted: 2021-08-03 - Earliest claimed: 2016-04-12 - Assignees: Woodwelding AG - Applicants: Woodwelding AG - Inventors: Jörg Mayer; Patricia Poschner; Joakim Kvist; Mario Lehmann; Patrick Mooser - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11077621B2 ## CPC - B29C 65/08: using ultrasonic vibrations {(non-plastics element to plastics elements B29C65/645)} - B29C 35/0261: {using ultrasonic or sonic vibrations} - B29C 65/081: {having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface} - B29C 65/4835: {Heat curing adhesives} - B29C 65/7844: {cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined (parts to be joined comprising holes or slots for the purpose of positioning said parts B29C65/7808; parts to be joined comprising inter-cooperating positioning features B29C65/7814; welding using friction, the welding tool cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined B29C65/069)} - B29C 66/02: {Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding (B29C66/32 takes precedence)} - B29C 66/02245: {Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping} - B29C 66/3022: {said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined} - B29C 66/30325: {making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined} - B29C 66/3034: {making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes} - B29C 66/30341: {non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements (B29C65/562 takes precedence)} - B29C 66/326: {Shaping the burr, e.g. by the joining tool} - B29C 66/721: {Fibre-reinforced materials (B29C66/729 takes precedence)} - B29C 66/81429: {comprising a single tooth} - B29C 66/81431: {comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove} - B29C 66/81433: {being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins (comprising a single tooth B29C66/81429), or being patterned} - B29C 66/81435: {comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping (comprising a single ridge B29C66/81427)} - B29C 66/8322: {Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis} - B29C 66/9513: {characterised by specific vibration frequency values or ranges} - C09J 5/00: Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers - F16B 11/006: {by gluing (gluing of plastics material B29C65/48)} - B29L 2031/30: Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof {(vanes or blades B29L2031/08, air bags B29L2022/027)} - B29L 2031/3055: {Cars} - B29L 2031/3076: {Aircrafts (blades, propellers B29L2031/08)} - B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00) - C09J: ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES (preparation of glue or gelatine C09H) - F16B: DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING (couplings for transmitting rotation F16D) - B29L: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES ## Abstract A method of fastening a second object to a fiber composite part including a structure of fibers embedded in a matrix material includes: providing the fiber composite part including an attachment surface, with a portion of the structure of fibers being exposed at the attachment surface; providing the second object; placing the second object relative to the fiber composite part, with a resin in a flowable state between the attachment surface and the connector; pressing the second object and the fiber composite part against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act on the second object or the fiber composite part or both, thereby causing the resin to infiltrate the exposed structure of fibers and activating the resin to cross-link; whereby the resin, after cross-linking, secures the second object to the fiber composite part. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of fastening a second object to a first object, the method comprising the steps of: providing the first object comprising a first attachment surface; providing the second object; positioning the second object relative to the first object, with a resin between the first attachment surface and a second attachment surface of the second object; while the resin is in contact with the first attachment surface and the second attachment surface, causing mechanical vibration to act on the second object or the first object or both, thereby activating the resin to cross-link; whereby the resin, after cross-linking, secures the second object to the first object; wherein the first object comprises a fiber composite part comprising a structure of fibers embedded in a matrix material; wherein the fiber composite part comprises a portion of the structure of fibers being exposed at the first attachment surface; and wherein the method further comprises a step of removing the matrix material to expose the portion of the structure of fibers prior to the step of placing the second object relative to the fiber composite part, with the resin in a flowable state between the first attachment surface and the second object. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing the matrix material comprises sandblasting. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of pressing the second object and the first object against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act causes the resin to infiltrate the exposed structure of fibers. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the resin comprises a same material as the matrix material. ### Claim 5 A method of fastening a second object to a first object, the method comprising the steps of: providing the first object comprising a first attachment surface; providing the second object; positioning the second object relative to the first object, with a resin between the first attachment surface and a second attachment surface of the second object; while the resin is in contact with the first attachment surface and the second attachment surface, causing mechanical vibration to act on the second object or the first object or both, thereby activating the resin to cross-link; whereby the resin, after cross-linking, secures the second object to the first object wherein in the step of causing mechanical vibration to act and thereby activating the resin to cross-link, only a portion of the resin is activated to cross link, whereas a further portion of the resin remains essentially uninfluenced by the mechanical vibration, and wherein at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled: the step of causing mechanical vibration to act and thereby activating the resin to cross-link is repeated for a plurality of discrete locations of an assembly comprising the first object, the second object and the resin; the second object has an indented portion, and wherein in the step of causing mechanical vibration to act, a vibrating tool is in contact with the indented portion wherein the second object has a corrugated portion, and in the step of causing mechanical vibration to act, a vibrating tool is in contact with the corrugated portion the second object has an annular joint structure and wherein in the step of causing mechanical vibration to act, a vibrating tool is in contact with a region radially-inwardly of the annular joint structure the method further comprises providing an auxiliary element, the auxiliary element comprising thermoplastic material, wherein in the step of causing mechanical vibration to act, the auxiliary element is placed between the first and second objects and absorbs mechanical vibration energy, thereby heating resin material in a vicinity of the auxiliary element, the auxiliary element comprising at least one energy director. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of the first and second objects is shaped for the resin to cause a positive-fit connection in addition to the adhesive bond after hardening. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method according to claim 6, wherein the second object and/or the first object, respectively, having a through opening through which a portion of the resin can escape and flow into an open space beyond the opening, whereby a button-like positive fit connection is achievable after hardening of the resin. ### Claim 8 A fastener, comprising an anchoring plate and a fastening element bonded thereto, wherein the anchoring plate has a second attachment surface and an opposite surface as well at least one through opening, and wherein the anchoring plate further comprises a spacer projecting away from the second attachment surface, whereby the anchoring plate is capable of being secured to a first object that has a first attachment surface, with the spacer abutting against the first attachment surface and with a layer of resin between the first attachment surface and the second attachment surface. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The fastener according to claim 8, wherein the opposite surface is shaped as a coupling-in surface for mechanical vibration to be coupled into the anchoring plate from a vibrating tool in physical contact with the coupling-in surface. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The fastener according to claim 8, comprising a piercing portion that protrudes distally from the second attachment surface and is equipped to pierce into thermoplastic material of the first object, whereby the anchoring plate is capable of being secured to the first object with the piercing portion piercing into the first object and with the layer of resin between the first object and the anchoring plate. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The fastener according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled: the anchoring plate comprises at least one through hole; the anchoring plate comprises a spacer projecting away from the attachment plane, whereby the anchoring plate is capable of being secured to the first object with the spacer abutting against the first object and with the layer of resin between the anchoring plate and the first object; the piercing portion has an undercut with respect to axial directions; the fastener further comprises a fastening element. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The fastener according to claim 8, wherein the anchoring plate comprises thermoplastic material and at least one thermoplastic energy director that is located to be in physical contact with the first object and protrudes distally from the second attachment surface, whereby the anchoring plate is capable of being secured to the first object with the layer of resin between the first object and the anchoring plate in a process that comprises coupling mechanical vibration energy into the fastener while the energy director is pressed against the first object until thermoplastic material of the energy director becomes flowable, due to local energy absorption at the energy director causes the resin around the energy director to be heated. ### Claim 13 A method of fastening a second object to a first object, the method comprising the steps of: providing the first object comprising a first attachment surface; providing the second object being a fastener having an anchoring plate and a fastening element secured to the anchoring plate, wherein the anchoring plate has at least one through opening, wherein the anchoring plate has a distal anchoring plate surface forming a second attachment surface, and wherein the anchoring plate comprises a spacer element distally protruding from the distal anchoring plate surface; positioning the second object relative to the first object, with the spacer abutting against the first attachment surface, and with a resin between the first attachment surface and the second attachment surface; while the resin is in contact with the first attachment surface and the second attachment surface, causing mechanical vibration to act on the second object or the first object or both, thereby activating the resin to cross-link; whereby the resin, after cross-linking, secures the second object to the first object. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the fastening element comprises at least one of a threaded bar, a pin, a nut, a hook, an eyelet, a base for a bayonet coupling. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the step of pressing the second object and the first object against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act comprises coupling the mechanical vibration into the anchoring plate by pressing a vibrating tool against a proximal coupling face of the anchoring plate, and wherein the vibrating tool and the second object are adapted to each other for the tool to be pressed directly against a proximally facing surface of the anchoring plate by the vibrating tool having a receiving indentation for receiving the fastening element. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the second object is a connector equipped for fastening a further object to the first object. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the second object comprises a fiber composite, wherein the second object is of a heterogeneous composition and in addition to the fiber composite comprises a portion of a different material, and wherein the second object at the second object attachment surface has a portion of the structure of fibers exposed, whereby the resin is capable of penetrating into the portion of the structure of fibers. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the second attachment surface in the step of placing the second object relative to the first object is placed to abut against the first attachment surface, with the resin between the first and second attachment surfaces, and wherein the second attachment surface comprises a pattern of indentations or protrusions, wherein at least one indentation forms a radial or circumferential channel. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the second object is a fastener having an anchoring plate and a fastening element secured to the anchoring plate, wherein the anchoring plate has at least one through opening, wherein the anchoring plate comprises a spacer element protruding from a distal anchoring plate surface that forms the second attachment surface, wherein the fastening element comprises at least one of a threaded bar, a pin, a nut, a hook, an eyelet, a base for a bayonet coupling, wherein the step of pressing the second object and the first object against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act comprises coupling the mechanical vibration into the anchoring plate by pressing a vibrating tool against a proximal coupling face of the anchoring plate, and wherein the vibrating tool and the second object are adapted to each other for the tool to be pressed directly against a proximally facing surface of the anchoring plate by the vibrating tool having a receiving indentation for receiving the fastening element. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method according claim 19, wherein the vibrating tool comprises a guiding structure cooperating with the fastening element to guide the second object relative to the vibrating tool and, wherein the guiding structure is configured as a fastening structure cooperating with the fastening element for fastening the second object to the vibrating tool. ### Claim 21 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the second object has a second object peripheral confining feature confining the resin during the step of pressing the second object and the first object against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act. ### Claim 22 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the step of pressing the second object and the first object against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act comprises pressing a vibrating tool against a proximal coupling face of the second object, and wherein the vibrating tool has a tool peripheral confining feature confining the resin during the step of pressing the second object and the first object against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act. ### Claim 23 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, and comprising using a confining element at least partially surrounding the second object to confine the resin during the step of pressing the second object and the first object against each other and causing mechanical vibration to act. ### Claim 24 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein in the step of placing the second object relative to the first object, with a resin between the first attachment surface and the second attachment surface, the resin is in a flowable state. ### Claim 25 (depends on 13) The method according to claim 13, wherein the step of causing mechanical vibration to act comprises using a vibrating tool to press the second object against the first object while the first object is pressed against a non-vibrating support, the method further comprising positioning a control foil between the vibrating tool and the second object and/or between the first object and the non-vibrating support, the method comprising the further step of removing the control foil from the assembly of the first and second objects after the step of causing mechanical vibration to act. ### Claim 26 A method of fastening a second object to a first object, the method comprising the steps of: providing the first object comprising a first attachment surface; providing the second object, the second object being sheet-like and having an indented portion; positioning the second object relative to the first object, with a resin between the first attachment surface and a second attachment surface of the second object; while the resin is in contact with the first attachment surface and the second attachment surface, pressing a vibrating tool against the indented portion, thereby causing mechanical vibration to act on the second object, whereby the resin is activated to cross-link in a vicinity of the indented portion; and whereby the resin, after cross-linking, secures the second object to the first object. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method according to claim 26, wherein the local deformation is an embossment. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) The method according to claim 26, wherein the local deformation comprises an indentation, and a corrugation within the indentation.