# US 11,077,445 B2 · Grinding roll improvements > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,077,445 B2 - Document ID: US11077445B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/848,071 - Filed: 2020-04-14 - Published: 2021-06-17 - Granted: 2021-08-03 - Earliest claimed: 2019-12-11 - Assignees: Pearson Incorporated - Applicants: Pearson Incorporated - Inventors: Lucas Zebroski; Roy Olson; Robert Sandnes; Alex Pearson; Joshua Tracy - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11077445B2 ## CPC - B02C 4/30: Shape or construction of rollers - B02C 4/08: with co-operating corrugated or toothed crushing-rollers - B02C: CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN ({household tools and machines for pulverising foodstuffs, e.g. coffee and spice mills A47J42/00; pharmaceutical mortars A61J3/02; mechanical processing of refuse and garbage B03B9/06; dressing mould materials by grinding B22C5/04}; obtaining metallic powder by crushing, grinding or milling B22F9/04; {recovery of plastics by disintegrating B29B17/00; crushing raw materials in starch making C08B30/02; beaters for papermaking D21D1/02; crushing devices specially for transport in mines E21F13/002; slag crushing devices F23J1/00; fuel milling devices in combustion apparatus F23K1/00; household devices for crushing coal F24B15/02; ice disintegrating devices F25C5/02}) ## Abstract A grinding apparatus may include a frame and a pair of rolls each having a circumferential surface and being rotatably mounted on the frame, and a plurality of teeth located on the circumferential surface. In embodiments, at least one roll comprises a roll body structure rotatably mounted on the frame and a roll cover structure forming the circumferential surface, and the roll cover structure may be at least partially removable from the roll body structure to permit replacement of at least a portion of the circumferential surface without requiring removal of the roll body structure from the frame. In embodiments, the teeth on one roll may include an upper cap portion formed of a relatively harder material and a lower base portion formed of a relatively softer material. In embodiments, the teeth on one roll have a coating of a relatively harder material than a relatively softer base material forming the tooth. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A grinding apparatus comprising: a frame; and a pair of grinding rolls, each of the grinding rolls having a circumferential surface and being rotatably mounted on the frame to define a gap between the circumferential surfaces of the pair of rolls, each of the grinding rolls being elongated in a longitudinal direction with opposite first and second ends; a plurality of teeth being located on the circumferential surface of at least one of the grinding rolls, the plurality of teeth on the at least one grinding roll being elongated in the longitudinal direction of the grinding roll, each tooth of the plurality of teeth on the at least one grinding roll having a ridge peak, a valley being positioned between the ridge peaks of adjacent said teeth on the grinding roll, each tooth of the plurality of teeth having first and second side surfaces extending in opposite directions from the ridge peak to a respective said valley, the plurality of teeth being formed of a base material; a coating formed on each tooth of the plurality of teeth on at least one roll of the pair of grinding rolls to produce a coated tooth, the coating being formed a layer of a coating material having a hardness measurement greater than a hardness measurement of the base material; and wherein the layer of coating material extends over the ridge peak of each said tooth and from the ridge peak along the first side surface of the tooth to a first said valley adjacent to the first side surface and from the ridge peak along the second side surface of the tooth to a second said valley adjacent to the second side surface of the tooth such that wear on a said coated tooth at the ridge peak produces a discontinuity in the layer of coating material of the coated tooth to expose a portion of the base material, the discontinuity in the layer of coating material of the coated tooth producing a pair of points of transition between the base material of the tooth and the layer of coating material, each point of transition of the pair of points of transition forming an edge such that a said tooth has a pair of edges. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the coating material includes at least one material selected from the group of materials comprising a carbide material, a cobalt material, a nickel material, a platinum-group material, and a chromium material. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least one tooth of the plurality of teeth extends continuously from the first end to the second end of the grinding roll. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3 wherein each of the grinding rolls rotates about a rotation axis, the plurality of teeth being linear from the first end to the second end of the at least one grinding roll and being oriented parallel to the rotation axis. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the layer of coating material is characterized by having been produced by an additive manufacturing process. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the layer of coating material is characterized by having been produced by a high velocity oxygen fuel technique. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the layer of coating material is characterized by having been produced by a high velocity air fuel technique. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the layer of coating has a thickness in a range of approximately 0.0005 inches to 0.015 inches. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the layer of coating material has a Vickers hardness in a range of approximately 500 HV to approximately 2000 HV. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the coating extends from a said side surface of one said tooth to a said side surface of an adjacent said tooth such that the coating extends continuously from the ridge peak of said one tooth to the ridge peak of said adjacent tooth. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the layer of coating material is uniform from the ridge peak of one said tooth to the ridge peak of an adjacent said tooth. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the layer of coating material is substantially continuous from ridge peak to ridge peak of adjacent teeth of the plurality of teeth. ### Claim 13 A grinding apparatus comprising: a frame; and a pair of grinding rolls, each of the grinding rolls being rotatably mounted on the frame to rotate about a respective rotation axis, each of the grinding rolls having a circumferential surface, a gap being defined between the circumferential surfaces of the pair of rolls, each of the grinding rolls being elongated in a longitudinal direction with opposite ends; a plurality of teeth being located on the circumferential surface of each of the grinding rolls, the plurality of teeth on each grinding roll being elongated in the longitudinal direction of the grinding roll, the plurality of teeth on each of the grinding rolls being linear from the first end to the second end of the grinding roll and being oriented substantially parallel to the rotation axis, each tooth of the plurality of teeth on each of the grinding rolls having a ridge peak, a valley being positioned between the ridge peaks of adjacent said teeth on the grinding roll, each tooth of the plurality of teeth having first and second side surfaces extending in opposite directions from the ridge peak to a respective said valley, the plurality of teeth being formed of a base material; a coating formed on each tooth of the plurality of teeth on each of grinding rolls to produce a coated tooth, the coating being formed of a layer of coating material having a hardness measurement greater than a hardness measurement of the base material; wherein the layer of coating material extends over the ridge peak of each said tooth and from the ridge peak along the first side surface of the tooth to a first said valley adjacent to the first side surface and from the ridge peak along the second side surface of the tooth to a second said valley adjacent to the second side surface of the tooth such that wear on a said coated tooth at the ridge peak produces a discontinuity in the layer of coating material of the coated tooth to expose a portion of the base material, the discontinuity in the layer of coating material of the coated tooth producing a pair of points of transition between the base material of the tooth and the layer of coating material, each point of transition of the pair of points of transition forming an edge such that a said tooth has a pair of edges; wherein the coating extends from a said side surface of one said tooth to a said side surface of an adjacent said tooth such that the coating extends continuously from the ridge peak of said one tooth to the ridge peak of said adjacent tooth; and wherein a thickness of the layer of coating material is uniform from the ridge peak of one said tooth to the ridge peak of an adjacent said tooth. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the coating material includes at least one material selected from the group of materials comprising a carbide material, a cobalt material, a nickel material, a platinum-group material, and a chromium material. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the layer of coating material is characterized by having been produced by an additive manufacturing process. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the layer of coating material has a Vickers hardness in a range of approximately 500 HV to 2000 HV.