# US 11,077,307 B2 · Input switching in a ventricular pacemaker > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,077,307 B2 - Document ID: US11077307B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/449,517 - Filed: 2019-06-24 - Published: 2019-10-10 - Granted: 2021-08-03 - Earliest claimed: 2016-12-13 - Assignees: Medtronic, Inc. - Applicants: Medtronic, Inc. - Inventors: Wade M. Demmer; Yong K. Cho; Mark K. Erickson; Todd J. Sheldon - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11077307B2 ## CPC - A61N 1/3688: {configured for switching the pacing mode, e.g. from AAI to DDD} - A61N 1/36514: {controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure (controlled by two or more physical parameters A61N1/36585)} - A61N 1/36585: {controlled by two or more physical parameters} - A61N 1/3682: {with a variable atrioventricular delay} - A61N 1/3704: {Circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. for sensitivity control} - A61N 1/37288: {Communication to several implantable medical devices within one patient} - A61N 1/3756: {Casings with electrodes thereon, e.g. leadless stimulators} - A61N 1/3627: {for treating a mechanical deficiency of the heart, e.g. congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy} - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) ## Abstract An intracardiac pacemaker system is configured to produce physiological atrial event signals by a sensing circuit of a ventricular intracardiac pacemaker and select a first atrial event input as the physiological atrial event signals. The ventricular intracardiac pacemaker detects atrial events from the selected first atrial event input, determines if input switching criteria are met, and switches from the first atrial event input to a second atrial event input in response to the input switching criteria being met. The second atrial event input includes broadcast atrial event signals produced by a second implantable medical device and received by the ventricular intracardiac pacemaker. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: generating, by a ventricular intracardiac pacemaker, physiological atrial event signals that are not generated by a medical device other than the ventricular intracardiac pacemaker; receiving, by the ventricular intracardiac pacemaker, atrial event signals broadcast from the medical device other than the ventricular intracardiac pacemaker; selecting a first atrial event input as the physiological atrial event signals; detecting first atrial events from the selected first atrial event input; determining if input switching criteria are met; switching from the first atrial event input to a second atrial event input in response to the input switching criteria being met, the second atrial event input being the broadcast atrial event signals; detecting second atrial events from the second atrial event input; and setting an atrioventricular (AV) pacing interval in response to detecting each of the first atrial events and the second atrial events for controlling the first pulse generator to deliver the ventricular pacing pulses. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein generating the physiological atrial event signals comprises generating first physiological atrial event signals based on atrial mechanical event signals. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein generating the physiological atrial event signals comprises generating second physiological atrial event signals different than the first physiological atrial event signals, wherein selecting the first atrial event input comprises selecting one of the atrial mechanical event signals and the second physiological atrial event signals. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a cardiac electrical signal comprising near-field R-waves and far-field P-wave signals; generating a motion signal comprising atrial mechanical event signals; selecting the first atrial event input as being one of the far-field P-wave signals and the atrial mechanical event signals. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: setting the AV pacing interval to a first interval in response to detecting each of the first atrial events; and setting the AV pacing interval to a second interval different than the first interval in response to detecting each of the second atrial events. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining if the input switching criteria are met comprises at least one of: detecting a threshold number of ventricular cycles without first atrial event detections; determining a heart rate of the patient; determining a patient posture from a motion signal produced by the first sensing circuit; or determining a patient physical activity level from a motion signal produced e first sensing circuit. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating first physiological atrial event signals by a first sensor and second physiological atrial event signals by a second sensor; determining if less than a first threshold number of first atrial events are detected from the first physiological atrial event signals during a first predetermined number of ventricular cycles; enabling detection of the first atrial events from the second physiological atrial event signals in response to less than the first threshold number of first atrial events being detected from the first physiological atrial event signals; and determining the input switching criteria are met in response to less than a second threshold number of first atrial events being detected from the second physiological atrial event signals during a second predetermined number of ventricular cycles. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: switching to a third atrial event input after detecting the predetermined number of broadcast atrial event signals, the third atrial event input comprising physiological atrial event signals; detecting the next atrial event from the third atrial event input; setting the AV pacing interval to a temporary interval in response to detecting the next atrial event; delivering a ventricular pacing pulse upon expiration of the temporary interval, wherein the expected atrial-to-ventricular interval is the temporary interval. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: switching from the first atrial event input to the second atrial event input by enabling a telemetry circuit of the ventricular intracardiac pacemaker to receive the broadcast atrial event signals and detect the received broadcast atrial event signals as the second atrial events. ### Claim 10 A method comprising: generating, by an atrial intracardiac pacemaker, atrial pacing pulses delivered to an atrium of the patient's heart via a plurality of electrodes coupled to the atrial intracardiac pacemaker; receiving, by the atrial intracardiac pacemaker, a cardiac electrical signal comprising near field P-waves and far-field ventricular event signals; detecting, by the atrial intracardiac pacemaker, far-field ventricular event signals from the cardiac electrical signal; determining, by the atrial intracardiac pacemaker, that a ventricular intracardiac pacemaker is not able to detect atrial events based on the detected far-field ventricular event signals; and generating, by the atrial intracardiac pacemaker, broadcast atrial event signals in response to determining that the ventricular intracardiac pacemaker is not able to detect the atrial events. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: delivering first atrial pacing pulses at a first pacing pulse energy; and generating the broadcast atrial event signals by controlling a pulse generator to deliver second atrial pacing pulses at a second pacing pulse energy greater than the first pacing pulse energy. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: generating the broadcast atrial event signals by a tele of the atrial intracardiac pacemaker. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: withholding a broadcast atrial event signal coinciding with a next atrial event after a predetermined number of broadcast atrial event signals; sensing a far-field ventricular event following the next atrial event; determining a time interval from the next atrial event to the sensed far-field ventricular event; comparing the time interval to an expected atrial-to-ventricular interval; terminating broadcasting of the atrial event signals in response to the time interval matching the expected atrial-to-ventricular interval; and returning to broadcasting the atrial event signals in response to the time interval not matching the expected atrial-to-ventricular interval. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: generating a first broadcast atrial event signal indicating an atrial pacing pulse event and a second broadcast atrial event signal indicating an intrinsic atrial event; setting the AV pacing interval to a first interval in response to detecting the first broadcast atrial event signal; and setting the AV pacing interval to a second interval different than the first interval in response to detecting the second broadcast atrial event signal.