Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

A process cartridge that integrally supports an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one device selected from the group consisting of a charging device, a developing device, and a cleaning device and that is attachable to and detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,

• wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in sequence, a support, a conductive layer, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer,
• the conductive layer is a cured film containing titanium oxide particles doped with niobium, the titanium oxide particle being obtained by coating anatase-type titanium oxide particles serving as cores with titanium oxide doped with niobium,
• the conductive layer contains a resin having at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, and a carboxyl group, and
• the undercoat layer contains a cured product of a composition that contains an electron transport material having a polymerizable functional group and a resin functionalized with a carboxylic acid derivative, the resin having a structure represented by formula (B1):
• where, in the formula (B1), B101 to B104 are each independently at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and at least one of B101 to B104 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and
• a structure represented by formula (B2-1) or (B2-2):
• where, in the formula (B2-1), B201 to B204 are each independently at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a carboxyl group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group, and at least one of B201 to B204 is a carboxyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group;
• where, in the formula (B2-2), B201 and B203 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• a charging device;
• an exposure device;
• a developing device;
• and
• a transfer device,
• wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in sequence, a support, a conductive layer, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer,
• the conductive layer is a cured film containing titanium oxide particles doped with niobium, the titanium oxide particle being obtained by coating anatase-type titanium oxide particles serving as cores with titanium oxide doped with niobium,
• the conductive layer contains a resin having at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, and a carboxyl group, and
• the undercoat layer contains a cured product of a composition that contains an electron transport material having a polymerizable functional group and a resin functionalized with a carboxylic acid derivative, the resin having a structure represented by formula (B1):
• where, in the formula (B1), B101 to B104 are each independently at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and at least one of B101 to B104 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and
• a structure represented by formula (B2-1) or (B2-2):
• where, in the formula (B2-1), B201 to B204 are each independently at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a carboxyl group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group, and at least one of B201 to B204 is a carboxyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group;
• or
• where, in the formula (B2-2), B201 and B203 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.