Porous material and preparation methods thereof, and anodes and devices including the same

A method for preparing a porous material comprising a material of formula SiaMbOx, wherein the ratio of x to a is about 0.6 to about 1.5, and the ratio of a to b is about 8 to about 10,000, wherein M comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, P, Mg, Ti and Zr, wherein the material comprises micropores and/or mesopores, wherein said method comprises:

• step 1:
• mixing a silicon source with an organic template to obtain a first solution, wherein the organic template is used to promote formation of micropores and/or mesopores upon hydrothermal reaction;
• step 2:
• mixing a precursor of M with deionized water to obtain a second solution, and adding the second solution dropwise to the first solution to obtain a third solution;
• step 3:
• placing the third solution in a reaction vessel for a hydrothermal reaction for 1-5 days, and drying and calcining a hydrothermal reaction product;
• step 4:
• reducing a calcined product of step 3 by mixing with magnesium powder, and calcining the mixture under an inert atmosphere;
• and
• step 5:
• performing acid-washing, water-washing, vacuum-drying and sieving on a calcined product of step 4 to obtain SiaMbOx.