Solar cell

A solar cell, comprising:

• a semiconductor substrate that includes crystalline silicon of a first conductivity type, and has a first main surface and a second main surface facing away from the first main surface;
• a first semiconductor layer that includes an amorphous silicon thin film of the first conductivity type, and is disposed above the first main surface;
• a first intrinsic semiconductor layer that includes an intrinsic amorphous silicon thin film, and is disposed between the first main surface and the first semiconductor layer;
• a second semiconductor layer that includes an amorphous silicon thin film of a second conductivity type, and is disposed above the second main surface;
• and
• a second intrinsic semiconductor layer that includes an intrinsic amorphous silicon thin film, and is disposed between the second main surface and the second semiconductor layer, wherein
• a first oxygen concentration at an interface between the semiconductor substrate and the second intrinsic semiconductor layer is lower than a second oxygen concentration at an interface between the semiconductor substrate and the first intrinsic semiconductor layer, and
• a third oxygen concentration at an interface between the second intrinsic semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer is higher than a fourth oxygen concentration at an interface between the first intrinsic semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor layer.