Suspended-membrane thermal detector comprising a deformable part for thermal short-circuit

A thermal detector configured to detect electromagnetic radiation, comprising:

• a substrate;
• a membrane that absorbs electromagnetic radiation, thermally insulated with respect to the substrate, and comprising:
• a fixed detecting part comprising a thermometric transducer,
• a deformable thermal short-circuit part,
• comprising a fixed end assembled to the fixed detecting part, and an opposite free end,
• configured to deform under the effect of a temperature change of the absorbent membrane, so that the free end of the deformable part comes into contact with the substrate at a contact temperature Tc of the absorbent membrane;
• wherein the deformable part:
• comprises a shape-memory alloy having an inverse martensitic transformation of a martensitic phase into an austenitic phase of said alloy between austenite start As and austenite finish Af temperatures, and a direct martensitic transformation of the austenitic phase into the martensitic phase between martensite start Ms and martensite finish Mf temperatures, the austenite finish temperature Af being above the martensite start temperature Ms, and
• is arranged with respect to the substrate in such a way that the free end is in contact with the substrate at the contact temperature Tc above the austenite start temperature As.