# US 11,029,924 B2 · Program optimization by converting code portions to directly reference internal data representations > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,029,924 B2 - Document ID: US11029924B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/686,734 - Filed: 2019-11-18 - Published: 2020-03-19 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2017-05-02 - Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation - Applicants: International Business Machines Corporation - Inventors: Hiroshi Inoue; Kazuaki Ishizaki; Jan M. Wroblewski; Moriyoshi Ohara - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11029924B2 ## CPC - G06F 8/30: Creation or generation of source code - G06F 8/52: Binary to binary - G06F 9/45504: {Abstract machines for program code execution, e.g. Java virtual machine [JVM], interpreters or emulators} - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract A method includes identifying a code portion that accesses a primitive value in a user-defined function included in a user program, converting the code portion and an argument in a manner to directly reference an internal data representation of the user program, and generating a code for calling the user-defined function converted by the conversion. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: identifying a code portion that accesses a primitive value in a user-defined function included in a user program, the user-defined function including an object as an argument; converting the code portion and the argument to directly reference an internal data representation; and generating a code for calling the user-defined function converted by the conversion, the code including a pointer indicating an address of a memory region directly accessing the primitive value where the object manages the internal data representation, wherein the internal data representation is directly referenceable by a programming language in an unconverted form. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein converting includes: replacing the code portion with a code sequence for accessing data from the internal data representation; and replacing the argument with a pointer to the internal data representation. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein: the user program includes the user-defined function that receives the argument in a method call of an object managing the internal data representation therein; and identifying includes identifying the code portion in the user-defined function included in the method call of the object. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein the object is included in an in-memory computation framework. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method according to claim 4, wherein: the user-defined function has an array as the argument; and the pointer indicates an address of a memory region where each element of the array is lined up in association with the object. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein generating includes generating a call command for obtaining a pointer to the internal data representation and a call command for calling the converted user-defined function using the pointer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the user-defined function includes a lambda expression. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the code portion is a code portion of a bytecode of the user program. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the code portion is a code portion of a source code of the user program. ### Claim 10 A non-transitory computer readable storage medium collectively storing program instructions that are executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform operations comprising: identifying a code portion that accesses a primitive value in a user-defined function included in a user program, the user-defined function including an object as an argument; converting the code portion and the argument to directly reference an internal data representation; and generating a code for calling the user-defined function converted by the conversion, the code including a pointer indicating an address of a memory region directly accessing the primitive value where the object manages the internal data representation, wherein the internal data representation is directly referenceable by a programming language in an unconverted form. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein converting includes: replacing the code portion with a code sequence for accessing data from the internal data representation; and replacing the argument with a pointer to the internal data representation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein: the user program includes the user-defined function that receives the argument in a method call of an object managing the internal data representation therein; and identifying includes identifying the code portion in the user-defined function included in the method call of the object. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 12, wherein the object is included in an in-memory computation framework. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 13, wherein: the user-defined function has an array as the argument; and the pointer indicates an address of a memory region where each element of the array is lined up in association with the object. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein generating includes generating a call command for obtaining a pointer to the internal data representation and a call command for calling the converted user-defined function using the pointer. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the user-defined function includes a lambda expression. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the code portion is a code portion of a bytecode of the user program. ### Claim 18 (depends on 10) The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the code portion is a code portion of a source code of the user program. ### Claim 19 (depends on 10) A computer comprising: a computer readable storage medium according to claim 10; and a processor that executes the program instructions.