# US 11,029,919 B2 · Internally truncated multiplier > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,029,919 B2 - Document ID: US11029919B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/852,710 - Filed: 2020-04-20 - Published: 2020-09-24 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2016-05-04 - Assignees: Texas Instruments Incorporated - Applicants: Texas Instruments Incorporated - Inventors: Jawaharlal Tangudu; Suvam Nandi; Pooja Sundar; Jaiganesh Balakrishnan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11029919B2 ## CPC - G06F 7/523: Multiplying only - G06F 7/50: Adding; Subtracting (G06F7/483 - G06F7/491, G06F7/544 - G06F7/556 take precedence) - H03D 7/161: {all the frequency changers being connected in cascade} - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - H03D: DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER (masers, lasers H01S; circuits capable of acting both as modulator and demodulator H03C; details applicable to both modulators and frequency-changers H03C; demodulating pulses H03K9/00; transforming types of pulse modulation H03K11/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M; repeater stations H04B7/14; demodulators adapted for AC systems of digital information transmission H04L27/00; synchronous demodulators adapted for colour television H04N9/66) ## Abstract A multiplier circuit includes a partial product generation circuit, a truncation circuit, and a summation circuit. The partial product generation circuit is configured to generate a plurality of partial products for multiplying two values. The truncation circuit is coupled to the partial product generation circuit. The truncation circuit is configured to shorten at least some of the partial products by removing a least significant bit from the at least some of the partial products. The summation circuit coupled to the truncation circuit. The summation circuit is configured to sum the truncated partial products produced by the truncation circuit. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A circuit comprising: a multiplication circuit configured to provide a product of a multiplier and a multiplicand, such that the product has a first number of bits, wherein the multiplication circuit includes: an encoder configured to: receive the multiplier; and apply Booth's encoding to the multiplier to produce a Booth's encoded multiplier; a partial product generator coupled to the encoder and configured to: receive the Booth's encoded multiplier and the multiplicand; and generate a set of partial products for the Booth's encoded multiplier and the multiplicand; a truncation circuit coupled to the partial product generator and configured to: receive the set of partial products; and remove a set of least significant bits from a subset of the set of partial products to produce a set of truncated partial products; an adder coupled to the truncation circuit and configured to add the set of truncated partial products to produce a first intermediate product; and a bias compensation circuit coupled to the truncation circuit and configured to: determine a count of non-zero bits that have been removed from the subset of the set of partial products by the truncation circuit; determine a bias compensation value that is a function of the count; and add the bias compensation value to the first intermediate product to produce a second intermediate product, wherein the second intermediate product has second number of bits that is greater than the first number of bits, and the multiplication circuit is configured to round the second intermediate product to produce the product having the first number of bits. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1 further comprising a digital down converter that includes a mixer that includes the multiplication circuit, wherein the mixer is configured to: receive a radio frequency signal and a down conversion signal having a reference frequency; provide the radio frequency signal and a function of the down conversion signal to the multiplication circuit as the multiplicand and the multiplier; and provide the product as an intermediate frequency signal. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The circuit of claim 2, wherein the radio frequency signal is a digitized radio frequency signal, the circuit further comprising: an amplifier configured to couple to an antenna to receive a first signal from the antenna; and an analog-to-digital converter configured to receive the first signal and digitize the first signal to produce the digitized radio frequency signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1 further comprising a digital up converter that includes a mixer that includes the multiplication circuit, wherein the mixer is configured to: receive a first signal to be transmitted and a function of an oscillator signal; and provide the first signal to be transmitted and the function of the oscillator signal to the multiplication circuit as the multiplicand and the multiplier. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The circuit of claim 4 further comprising: a digital-to-analog converter coupled to the multiplication circuit and configured to: receive the product; and convert the product to an intermediate analog signal; and a power amplifier coupled to the digital-to-analog converter to receive the intermediate analog signal and configured to couple to an antenna. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein: the bias compensation circuit is configured to determine that the multiplier and the multiplicand are statistically random; and the determining the count of non-zero bits that have been removed and the determining the bias compensation value that is a function of the count are performed in response to determining that the multiplier and the multiplicand are statistically random. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The circuit of claim 6, wherein the bias compensation circuit is configured to determine the bias compensation value as a constant in response to determining that the multiplier and the multiplicand are not statistically random. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the bias compensation value equals the count multiplied by a bias multiplier. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The circuit of claim 8, wherein the bias multiplier is equal to ½. ### Claim 10 (depends on 2) The circuit of claim 2, wherein: the multiplication circuit is a first multiplication circuit; the function is a cosine function; the mixer includes a second multiplication circuit; and the mixer is configured to: provide the product of the first multiplication circuit as an in-phase component of the intermediate frequency signal; provide the radio frequency signal and a sine function of the down conversion signal to the second multiplication circuit; and provide the product of the second multiplication circuit as a quadrature component of the intermediate frequency signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 2) The circuit of claim 2, wherein: the function is a cosine function; and the mixer is configured to: provide a product of the radio frequency signal and the cosine function of the down conversion signal as an in-phase component of the intermediate frequency signal; provide the radio frequency signal and a sine function of the down conversion signal to the multiplication circuit; and provide a product of the radio frequency signal and the sine function of the down conversion signal as a quadrature component of the intermediate frequency signal. ### Claim 12 A circuit comprising: a multiplication circuit configured to provide a product of a multiplier and a multiplicand, such that the product has a first number of bits, wherein the multiplication circuit includes: a partial product generator configured to: receive the multiplier and the multiplicand; and generate a set of partial products for the multiplier and the multiplicand; a truncation circuit coupled to the partial product generator and configured to: receive the set of partial products; and remove a set of least significant bits from a subset of the set of partial products to produce a set of truncated partial products; an adder coupled to the truncation circuit and configured to add the set of truncated partial products to produce a first intermediate product; and a bias compensation circuit coupled to the truncation circuit and configured to: determine a count of non-zero bits that have been removed from the subset of the set of partial products by the truncation circuit; determine a bias compensation value that is a function of the count; and add the bias compensation value to the first intermediate product to produce a second intermediate product, wherein the second intermediate product has second number of bits that is greater than the first number of bits, and the multiplication circuit is configured to round the second intermediate product to produce the product having the first number of bits. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The circuit of claim 12 further comprising a partial product pre-computation circuit coupled to the partial product generator and configured to provide the multiplicand to the partial product generator as a set of radix-4 variants of the multiplicand. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The circuit of claim 13, wherein the partial product generator is configured to perform a radix-4 Booth technique to generate the set of partial products. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The circuit of claim 14, wherein: the partial product generator includes a recoding circuit configured to perform radix-4 recoding of the multiplier; and the bias compensation circuit is coupled to receive an output of the recoding circuit and configured to determine the bias compensation value based on the output of the recoding circuit. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The circuit of claim 12 further comprising a digital down converter that includes a mixer that includes the multiplication circuit, wherein the mixer is configured to: receive a radio frequency signal and a down conversion signal at a reference frequency; provide the radio frequency signal and a function of the down conversion signal to the multiplication circuit as the multiplicand and the multiplier; and provide the product as an intermediate frequency signal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The circuit of claim 16, wherein the radio frequency signal is a digitized radio frequency signal, the circuit further comprising: an amplifier configured to couple to an antenna to receive a first signal from the antenna; and an analog-to-digital converter configured to receive the first signal and digitize the first signal to produce the digitized radio frequency signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The circuit of claim 12 further comprising a digital up converter that includes a mixer that includes the multiplication circuit, wherein the mixer is configured to: receive a signal to be transmitted and a function of an oscillator signal; and provide the signal to be transmitted and the function of the oscillator signal to the multiplication circuit as the multiplicand and the multiplier. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The circuit of claim 12 further comprising a digital up converter that includes a mixer that includes the multiplication circuit, wherein the mixer is configured to: receive a first signal to be transmitted and an oscillator signal; and provide the first signal to be transmitted and the oscillator signal to the multiplication circuit as the multiplicand and the multiplier. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The circuit of claim 12, wherein: the bias compensation circuit is configured to determine that the multiplier and the multiplicand are statistically random; and the determining the count of non-zero bits that have been removed and the determining the bias compensation value that is a function of the count are performed in response to determining that the multiplier and the multiplicand are statistically random. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The circuit of claim 20, wherein the bias compensation circuit is configured to determine the bias compensation value as a constant in response to determining that the multiplier and the multiplicand are not statistically random. ### Claim 22 (depends on 12) The circuit of claim 12, wherein the bias compensation value equals the count multiplied by a bias multiplier.