# US 11,029,657 B2 · Apparatus and method for prioritizing demand response dispatch based on occupancy

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- Number: US 11,029,657 B2
- Document ID: US11029657B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/435,999
- Filed: 2019-06-10
- Published: 2019-09-26
- Granted: 2021-06-08
- Earliest claimed: 2016-05-03
- Assignees: Enel X North America, Inc.
- Applicants: Enel X North America, Inc.
- Inventors: Husain Al-Mohssen; Elizabeth J. Main; Angela S. Bassa
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11029657B2

## CPC

- G05B 19/042: using digital processors (G05B19/05 takes precedence)
- G05B 15/02: electric
- G08G 1/00: Traffic control systems for road vehicles (arrangement of road signs or traffic signals E01F9/00 {; automatic vehicle control B62D})
- G08G 1/0145: {for active traffic flow control}
- G05B 2219/2639: Energy management, use maximum of cheap power, keep peak load low
- G05B 2219/2642: Domotique, domestic, home control, automation, smart house
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)
- G08G: TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS (guiding railway traffic, ensuring the safety of railway traffic B61L; arrangement of road signs or traffic signals E01F9/00; radar or analogous systems, sonar systems, lidar systems specially adapted for traffic control G01S13/91, G01S15/88, G01S17/88; {radar or analogous systems, sonar systems, lidar systems specially adapted for anti-collision purposes G01S13/93, G01S15/93, G01S17/93})

## Abstract

A method for prioritizing a demand response program event based on occupancy for one or more buildings of one or more building types participating in a demand response program, the method comprising: receiving energy consumption and outside temperature streams Ei(h,T) corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, the energy consumption provided by streaming consumption sources, and receiving and employing occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within the portion to process the streams, and generating occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within the portion, and assigning the occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in the portion; and optimizing execution of the demand response program event by employing the occupancy components to prioritize dispatch messages to the one or more buildings to achieve objectives of the demand response program event.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for prioritizing a demand response program event based on occupancy for one or more buildings of one or more building types participating in a demand response program, the apparatus comprising:
a network operations center, comprising a central processing unit, transitory memory, and non-transitory read-only memory having computer code disposed therein, said computer code comprising:
a first application program, executable to perform functions of an occupancy estimator, configured to receive energy consumption and outside temperature streams Ei(h, T) corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, said streams provided by streaming consumption sources, and configured to receive occupancy components from occupancy stores, and configured to employ said occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within said portion to process said streams to generate occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within said portion and configured to assign said occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in said portion, said occupancy components comprising:
a lower bound of energy consumption, ζ(T), as a function of outside temperature, T, when a corresponding one of said one or more buildings is at minimum occupancy;
a normalized occupancy profile component, ƒ(h) as a function of a prescribed time increment, h;
a marginal energy consumption component, D(T) as a function of T; and
a daily occupancy level component, γi for each of a first plurality of days, i;
wherein γi is determined according to the following equation:
γ
i
=
∑
h
⁢
Δ
i
⁡
(
h
,
T
)
∑
h
⁢
f
⁡
(
h
)
⁢
D
⁡
(
T
)
;
and wherein Δi(h,T)=Ei(h,T)−ζ(T); and
a second program code for providing a dispatch controller, configured to optimize execution of the demand response program event by employing said occupancy components to maintain a global energy use model for the one or more buildings to prioritize energy reduction control messages to the one or more buildings, and configured to reduce energy consumption of the one or more buildings by a prescribed amount for a prescribed period of time by transmitting said energy reduction control messages to selected ones of the one or more buildings to selectively advance or defer actuation times of electrical devices located within the one or more buildings, to achieve objectives of the demand response program event.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said NOC is configured to generate said occupancy components by processing training data sets comprising energy consumption and outside temperature data for each of the one or more buildings in said portion, and wherein said energy consumption and outside temperature data taken at said prescribed time increment over said plurality of days.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein said NOC progressively revises said occupancy components by additionally processing said streams.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein said prescribed time increment ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The apparatus as recited in claim 2, where said plurality of days ranges from 30 days to 365 days.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said dispatch controller selects said selected ones of the one or more buildings when each of their respective energy use profiles varies more than 20 percent from an average of their energy use profiles.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said occupancy estimator assigns said occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in said first portion based on building type.

### Claim 8

An energy management apparatus comprising:
a network operations center, comprising a central processing unit, transitory memory, and non-transitory read-only memory having application programs disposed therein, said application programs comprising:
computer readable program code executable to prioritize a demand response program event based on occupancy for one or more buildings of one or more building types participating in a demand response program event, said computer readable code comprising:
first program code for providing an occupancy estimator, configured to receive energy consumption and outside temperature streams Ei(h, T) corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, said streams provided by streaming consumption sources, and configured to receive occupancy components from occupancy stores, and configured to employ said occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within said portion to process said streams to generate occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within said portion, and configured to assign said occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in said portion according to building type, said occupancy components comprising:
a lower bound of energy consumption, ζ(T), as a function of outside temperature, T, when a corresponding one of said one or more buildings is at minimum occupancy;
a normalized occupancy profile component, ƒ(h) as a function of a prescribed time increment, h;
a marginal energy consumption component, D(T) as a function of T; and
a daily occupancy level component, γi for each of a first plurality of days, i;
wherein γi is determined according to the following equation:
γ
i
=
∑
h
⁢
Δ
i
⁡
(
h
,
T
)
∑
h
⁢
f
⁡
(
h
)
⁢
D
⁡
(
T
)
;
and wherein Δi(h,T)=Ei(h,T)−ζ(T); and
second program code for providing a dispatch controller, configured to optimize execution of the demand response program event by employing said occupancy components to maintain a global energy use model for the one or more buildings to prioritize energy reduction control messages to the one or more buildings, and configured to reduce energy consumption of the one or more buildings by a prescribed amount for a prescribed period of time by transmitting said energy reduction control messages to selected ones of the one or more buildings to selectively advance or defer actuation times of electrical devices located within the one or more buildings, to achieve objectives of the demand response program event.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said NOC is configured to generate said occupancy components by processing training data sets comprising energy consumption and outside temperature data for each of the one or more buildings in said portion, and wherein said energy consumption and outside temperature data taken at a prescribed time increment over said plurality of days.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said NOC progressively revises said occupancy components by additionally processing said streams.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said prescribed time increment ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The apparatus as recited in claim 9, where said plurality of days ranges from 30 days to 365 days.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said dispatch controller selects said selected ones of the one or more buildings when each of their respective energy use profiles varies more than 20 percent from an average of their energy use profiles.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said occupancy estimator assigns said occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in said first portion based on building type.

### Claim 15

A method for prioritizing a demand response program event based on occupancy for one or more buildings of one or more building types participating in a demand response program, the method comprising:
via a first application disposed in non-transitory memory that is executable by a central processing unit disposed in a network operations center, receiving energy consumption and outside temperature streams Ei(h,T) corresponding to a portion of the one or more buildings, the streams provided by streaming consumption sources, and receiving occupancy components from occupancy stores, and employing the occupancy components for each of the one or more buildings within the portion to process the streams to generate occupancy levels corresponding to the one or more buildings within the portion, and assigning the occupancy levels to remaining ones of the one or more buildings not in the portion, the occupancy components comprising:
a lower bound of energy consumption, ζ(T), as a function of outside temperature, T, when a corresponding one of said one or more buildings is at minimum occupancy;
a normalized occupancy profile component, ƒ(h) as a function of a prescribed time increment, h;
a marginal energy consumption component, D(T) as a function of T; and
a daily occupancy level component, γi for each of a first plurality of days, i;
wherein γi is determined according to the following equation:
γ
i
=
∑
h
⁢
Δ
i
⁡
(
h
,
T
)
∑
h
⁢
f
⁡
(
h
)
⁢
D
⁡
(
T
)
;
and wherein Δi(h,T)=Ei(h,T)−ζ(T); and
via a second application disposed in the non-transitory memory that is executable by the central processing unit disposed in the network operations center, optimizing execution of the demand response program event by employing the occupancy components to maintain a global energy use model for the one or more buildings to prioritize dispatch messages to the one or more buildings, and reducing energy consumption of the one or more buildings by a prescribed amount for a prescribed period of time by transmitting the energy reduction control messages to selected ones of the one or more buildings to selectively advance or defer actuation times of electrical devices located within the one or more buildings, to achieve objectives of the demand response program event.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the NOC is configured to generate the occupancy components by processing training data sets comprising energy consumption and outside temperature data for each of the one or more buildings in the portion, the energy consumption and outside temperature data taken at the prescribed time increment over the plurality of days.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the NOC progressively revises the occupancy components by additionally processing the streams.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the prescribed time increment ranges from 5 minutes to 2 hours.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The method as recited in claim 16, where the plurality of days ranges from 30 days to 365 days.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the dispatch controller selects the selected ones of the one or more buildings when each of their respective energy use profiles varies more than 20 percent from an average of their energy use profiles.