# US 11,029,222 B2 · Pressure sensor having conductive material extending between non-porous and porous regions and pressure sensing device comprising same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,029,222 B2 - Document ID: US11029222B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/313,110 - Filed: 2016-07-11 - Published: 2019-07-18 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2016-06-30 - Assignees: LG Innotek Co., Ltd. - Applicants: LG Innotek Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Won Keun Cho; Eun Jin Kim; Soo Min Lee; Jina Lee; In Hee Cho; Hyun Jin Jo; Sanga Ju - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11029222B2 ## CPC - G01L 1/20: by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids (of piezo-resistive materials G01L1/18); by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress - G01L 1/18: using properties of piezo-resistive materials, i.e. materials of which the ohmic resistance varies according to changes in magnitude or direction of force applied to the material - G01L 1/2287: {constructional details of the strain gauges (adjustable resistors H01C10/00)} - G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G) ## Abstract A pressure sensor comprises: a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the intermediate layer changes in resistance, depending on a change in at least one of a thickness or a volume thereof. In addition, the intermediate layer comprises: a foam having porous regions dispersed in a non-porous region thereof; and a conductive material being dispersed in the foam and being more conductive than the foam. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A pressure sensor comprising: a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer provided above the first electrode layer; and an intermediate layer provided between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is larger than the second electrode layer, wherein the intermediate layer includes a foam in which a porous region is dispersed in a non-porous region, and a conductive material is dispersed in the foam and has a conductivity that is greater than that of the foam, and wherein at least a part of the conductive material passes through interfaces between the non-porous region and the porous region or is dispersed in the non-porous region, and a ratio of the at least a part of the conductive materials passing through the interfaces between the non-porous region and the porous region or dispersed in the non-porous region to a total amount of the conductive materials in the foam is greater than or equal to 50 wt %, wherein the conductive material is 1 to 10 wt % of a total amount of the foam, and wherein the conductive material includes carbon nano tubes (CNT), and the CNTs is 0.05 to 3 wt % of the total amount of the conductive material. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the at least a part of the conductive material is dispersed in the porous region. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a volume the porous region in the foam to a total volume of the foam is in a range of 5 to 90%. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the resistance of the intermediate layer is changed according to a change of at least one of a thickness or a volume of the intermediate layer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the foam is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyolefin, rubber, silicone, and elastomer. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the conductive material further includes at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, carbon black, graphene, a ceramic material, or a conductive polymer. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein a distance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is shortened when a pressure is applied on the first electrode layer, the intermediate layer and the second electrode layer. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein a density of the conductive material per unit volume is increased when a pressure is applied on the first electrode layer, the intermediate layer and the second electrode layer. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein a distance between the conductive material is shortened when a pressure is applied on the first electrode layer, the intermediate layer and the second electrode layer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the first electrode layer includes a first conductive region that extends in a first horizontal direction, and the second electrode layer includes a second conductive region that extends in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The pressure sensor of claim 10, wherein the first electrode layer includes a plurality of the first conductive regions that extend in the first direction and are spaced apart from each other, and the second electrode layer includes a plurality of the second conductive regions that extend in the second direction and are spaced apart from each other. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The pressure sensor of claim 10, wherein the first conductive region is larger than the second conductive region. ### Claim 13 A pressure sensor comprising: a first electrode layer including a first conductive region; a second electrode layer including a second conductive region and positioned to be horizontally spaced apart from the first electrode layer; an intermediate layer, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer being coupled to a common surface of the intermediate layer; and an insulating adhesive layer provided between the intermediate layer and each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the intermediate layer includes a foam in which a porous region is provided in a non-porous region, and a conductive material dispersed in the foam and having a conductivity that is greater than that of the foam, wherein at least a part of the conductive material passes through an interface between the non-porous region and the porous region or is dispersed in the non-porous region, wherein a surface area of the first electrode layer is greater than a surface area of the second electrode layer, and an area of a first region of the insulating adhesive layer between the first electrode layer and the intermediate layer is greater than an area of a second region of the insulating adhesive layer between the second electrode layer and the intermediate layer. ### Claim 14 A pressure sensing device comprising: a pressure sensor; a signal processing unit connected with the pressure sensor and configured to process electric signals from the pressure sensor; and a control unit connected with the signal processing unit and configured to generate a control signal based on the signals processed by the signal processing unit, wherein the pressure sensor includes: a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer provided above the first electrode layer; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is larger than the second electrode layer: wherein the intermediate layer includes a foam in which a porous region is dispersed in a non-porous region, and a conductive material is dispersed in the foam and has a conductivity that is greater than that of the foam, and wherein at least a part of the conductive material passes through interfaces between the non-porous region and the porous region or is dispersed in the non-porous region, and a ratio of the at least a part of the conductive materials passing through the interfaces between the non-porous region and the porous region or dispersed in the non-porous region to a total amount of the conductive materials in the foam is greater than or equal to 50 wt %, wherein the conductive material is 1 to 10 wt % of a total amount of the foam, and wherein the conductive material includes carbon nano tubes (CNT), and the CNTs is 0.05 to 3 wt % of the total amount of the conductive material. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The pressure sensing device of claim 14, wherein the control unit is further to: determine a change in a resistance of the intermediate layer based on processing signals from the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer by the signal processing unit, determine on a weight of the user based on the change in the resistance of the intermediate layer, and generate the control signal based on the weight of the user. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The pressure sensing device of claim 15, wherein the control unit is further to: generate, as the control signal, an instruction for an appliance to at least one of enter a locked state or output an alarm when the weight of the user is less than a threshold weight. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The pressure sensing device of claim 15, wherein the pressure sensor is included in a mat positioned in front of an appliance. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The pressure sensing device of claim 14, further comprising a communication unit to forward the control signal to another device. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The pressure sensor of claim 14, wherein the first electrode layer includes a first conductive region, and the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second conductive regions that are spaced apart from each other and are positioned over the first conductive region. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) The pressure sensor of claim 14, wherein the first electrode layer includes a first conductive region that extends in a first horizontal direction, and the second electrode layer includes a second conductive region that extends in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, and wherein the first conductive region is larger than the second conductive region.