# US 11,028,784 B2 · Methods and systems for heavy fuel oil in gas turbines > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,028,784 B2 - Document ID: US11028784B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/133,780 - Filed: 2018-09-18 - Published: 2020-03-19 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2018-09-18 - Assignees: General Electric Company - Applicants: General Electric Company - Inventors: Pugalenthi Nandagopal; Vikram Muralidharan; Veerappan Muthaiah; Harold Jordan, Jr.; Maher Mohamad Aboujaib; Matthieu Paul Frederic Vierling; Sanyu Victoria Nakibuuka Njuki; Pierre Montagne; Sven Sébastien Catrin; Ezio M. Pena Saavedra; Laurent Balcer; Dmitry Sokolov - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11028784B2 ## CPC - F02C 9/00: Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants (controlling air intakes F02C7/057; controlling turbines F01D; controlling compressors F04D27/00; controlling in general G05) - F02C 9/40: specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels - F02C 9/26: Control of fuel supply (F02C9/48 takes precedence; fuel valves F02C7/232) - F02C 9/28: Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed (F02C9/30 - F02C9/38, F02C9/44 take precedence) - G05B 19/042: using digital processors (G05B19/05 takes precedence) - F05D 2270/54: by electronic means, e.g. electronic tubes, transistors or IC's within an electronic circuit - F05D 2300/13: Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W - F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00) - G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G) - F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS ## Abstract A control system for a gas turbine includes a controller. The controller includes a processor configured to receive a plurality of signals from sensors disposed in the gas turbine engine system, wherein the gas turbine system engine comprises a compressor section fluidly coupled to a gas turbine section. The processor is additionally configured to derive a vanadium content in a gas turbine engine fuel based on at least one of the plurality of signals. The processor is also configured to determine if a control curve should be adjusted based on the vanadium content in the gas turbine engine fuel, and if it is determined that the control curve should be adjusted, then deriving an adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content, and applying the adjustment to the control curve to derive an adjusted control curve. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A control system for a gas turbine system, comprising: a controller comprising a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive a plurality of signals from sensors disposed in the gas turbine system, wherein the gas turbine system comprises a compressor section fluidly coupled to a gas turbine section; derive a vanadium content in a gas turbine engine fuel based on at least one of the plurality of signals; determine if a control curve should be adjusted based on the vanadium content in the gas turbine engine fuel; and if it is determined that the control curve should be adjusted, then deriving an adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content, and applying the adjustment to the control curve to derive an adjusted control curve, wherein the control curve is plotted against a compressor pressure ratio (CPR) ordinate axis and an exhaust temperature abscissa axis. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to derive a CPR and a sensed exhaust temperature based on the plurality of signals, and to adjust fuel flow, air flow, or a combination thereof, of the gas turbine system by comparing the sensed exhaust temperature and the CPR to the adjusted control curve. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to derive an amount of an additive to add to the gas turbine engine fuel based on the vanadium content. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The control system of claim 3, wherein deriving the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content comprises deriving the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content and based on the amount of the additive to add to the gas turbine fuel. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The control system of claim 1, wherein the additive comprises magnesium (Mg) and wherein the processor is configured to derive the amount of an additive to add to the gas turbine engine fuel based on the vanadium content Mg/V=X by weight where V comprises vanadium in heavy fuel oil used in operations as the gas turbine engine fuel. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The control system of claim 1, wherein the deriving the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content comprises deriving the adjustment so that the adjustment results in a shift of the adjusted control curve when compared to the control curve based on the vanadium content. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The control system of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to increase a downwards shift of the adjusted control curve based on increasing vanadium content, and to increase an upwards shift of the adjusted control curve based on a decreasing vanadium content. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine if the adjusted control curve should be adjusted based on a second sensed vanadium content, and if it is determined that the adjusted control curve should be adjusted, then deriving a second adjustment and applying the second adjustment to the adjusted control curve to derive a second adjusted control curve. ### Claim 9 A method, comprising: receiving a plurality of signals from sensors disposed in a gas turbine system, wherein the gas turbine system comprises a compressor section fluidly coupled to a gas turbine section; deriving a vanadium content in a gas turbine engine fuel based on at least one of the plurality of signals; determining if a control curve should be adjusted based on the vanadium content in the gas turbine engine fuel; and if it is determined that the control curve should be adjusted, then deriving an adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content, and applying the adjustment to the control curve to derive an adjusted control curve, wherein the control curve is plotted against a compressor pressure ratio (CPR) ordinate axis and an exhaust temperature abscissa axis. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, comprising deriving an amount of an additive to add to the gas turbine engine fuel based on the vanadium content. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein deriving the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content comprises deriving the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content and based on the amount of the additive to add to the gas turbine fuel. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the additive comprises magnesium (Mg) and wherein deriving the amount of the additive to add to the gas turbine engine fuel based on the vanadium comprises adding Mg so that Mg/V=X by weight where V comprises vanadium in heavy fuel oil used in operations as the gas turbine engine fuel. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the deriving the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content comprises deriving the adjustment so that the adjustment results in a shift of the adjusted control curve when compared to the control curve based on the vanadium content. ### Claim 14 A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer executable code stored thereon, the computer executable code comprising instructions to: receive a plurality of signals from sensors disposed in a gas turbine system, wherein the gas turbine system comprises a compressor section fluidly coupled to a gas turbine section; derive a vanadium content in a gas turbine engine fuel based on at least one of the plurality of signals; determine if a control curve should be adjusted based on the vanadium content in the gas turbine engine fuel; and if it is determined that the control curve should be adjusted, then deriving an adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content, and applying the adjustment to the control curve to derive an adjusted control curve, wherein the control curve is plotted against a compressor pressure ratio (CPR) ordinate axis and an exhaust temperature abscissa axis. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the computer executable code comprises instructions to derive an amount of an additive to add to the gas turbine engine fuel based on the vanadium content. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions to derive the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content comprise instructions to derive the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content and based on the amount of the additive to add to the gas turbine fuel. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions to derive the adjustment to the control curve based on the vanadium content comprise instructions to derive the adjustment so that the adjustment results in a shift of the adjusted control curve when compared to the control curve based on the vanadium content.