# US 11,027,352 B2 · Systems and methods for analyzing weld signatures using pulse forensic features > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,027,352 B2 - Document ID: US11027352B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/264,036 - Filed: 2016-09-13 - Published: 2017-03-16 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2015-09-14 - Assignees: Illinois Tool Works Inc. - Applicants: Illinois Tool Works Inc. - Inventors: Stephen P. Ivkovich - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11027352B2 ## CPC - B23K 9/0953: {using computing means} - B23K 9/09: Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage - B23K 9/173: and of a consumable electrode - B23K 31/125: {Weld quality monitoring} - B23K: SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM ## Abstract Systems and methods for welding are described. The welding system can include, for example, a power source, a computer, and a welding torch. The computer and the welding torch can be operatively coupled to the power source. The power source controls a wire feed and one of a current or a voltage to the welding torch. When the welding torch is performing pulsed welding, the computer is configured to receive a weld signature. The computer is configured to synthesize features from the weld signature and to analyze the features for each pulse of the weld signature to determine whether particular limits have been exceeded or met. If particular limits are exceed or met, a weld fault condition is triggered which causes the welding system to stop or to modify the pulsed welding operation, and/or which causes the welding system to send out communications relating to the triggering of the weld fault condition. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A welding system, comprising: one or more processors configured to be operatively coupled to a welding torch; and a memory coupled to the one or more processors and comprising machine readable instructions which are executed by the one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to, while pulsed welding is performed with the welding torch: receive a weld signature representative of the pulsed welding, wherein the weld signature comprises a current signature and a voltage signature, each of the current signature and the voltage signature comprising a plurality of weld pulses outputted via the welding torch; extract pulse boundaries of each of the plurality of weld pulses from the current signature; extract droplet features of each of the plurality of weld pulses from the voltage signature based on the extracted pulse boundaries; and analyze the pulse boundaries and the droplet features for each of the plurality of weld pulses of the weld signature. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to control the welding system to act on the welding torch if there is a weld fault condition based on the analysis of the features. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to control the welding system to trigger an alarm if there is a weld fault condition based on the analysis of the features. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, further comprising a communication device, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to control the communication device to send an email or text notification if there is a weld fault condition based on the analysis of the features. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to control the welding system to execute an operator configured work instruction if there is a weld fault condition based on the analysis of the features. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, further comprising: a power source operatively coupled to the welding torch, wherein the power source is configured to: output a substantially constant pulsed current from the welding torch to a workpiece for each of the weld pulses; and allow a pulsed voltage from the welding torch to the workpiece to vary for each of the weld pulses in a context of the pulsed welding. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to extract the droplet features from the voltage signature by extracting at least one of a slope of a droplet event and a droplet magnitude. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to extract the droplet features from the voltage signature by extracting at least one of a lead inflection time and a trailing inflection time. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to extract the droplet features from the voltage signature by extracting at least one of a lead inflection time, a trailing inflection time, or a slope between the lead inflection time and the trailing inflection time. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The welding system according to claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to extract the pulse boundaries from the current signature by extracting at least one of a clear current value. ### Claim 11 A welding system, comprising: one or more processors configured to be operatively coupled to a welding torch; and a memory coupled to the one or more processors and comprising machine readable instructions which are executed by the one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to, while pulsed welding is performed with the welding torch: receive a weld signature representative of the pulsed welding, wherein the weld signature comprises a plurality of weld pulses outputted via the welding torch; extract features of each of the plurality of weld pulses from the weld signature; and analyze the features for each of the plurality of weld pulses of the weld signature; wherein the weld signature includes a first signature and a second signature and the instructions further cause the one or more processors to: determine a running average of the first signature; identify boundaries of at least one of the weld pulses based on cross overs with the running average and the first signature; identify droplet features in the second signature based on the identified boundaries of the at least one of the weld pulses; set limits related to the droplet features; and trigger a weld fault condition when values of the droplet features exceed the set limits. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The welding system according to claim 11, wherein the first signature is a voltage signature and second signature is a current signature, or wherein the first signature is the current signature and the second signature is the voltage signature. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The welding system according to claim 12, wherein the first signature is being controlled to conform to a predetermined pulse waveform. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The welding system according to claim 13, wherein the first signature is selected to be controlled to conform to the predetermined pulse waveform. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The welding system according to claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to stop a welding operation if the weld fault condition is triggered. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The welding system according to claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to modify a welding operation if the weld fault condition is triggered. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The welding system according to claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to send an alert or a notification if the weld fault condition is triggered. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) The welding system according to claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to identify the droplet features by identifying a droplet event based on the identified boundaries. ### Claim 19 (depends on 11) The welding system according to claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are configured to identify the droplet features by determining a slope and a droplet magnitude in the second signature that is not being controlled by the welding power source to conform to the predetermined pulse waveform. ### Claim 20 (depends on 11) The welding system according to claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to identify the droplet features by determining a lead inflection time, a trailing inflection time, and a slope between the lead inflection time and the trailing inflection time. ### Claim 21 A welding system, comprising: one or more processors configured to be operatively coupled to a welding torch; and a memory coupled to the one or more processors and comprising machine readable instructions which are executed by the one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to, while pulsed welding is performed with the welding torch: receive a weld signature representative of the pulsed welding, wherein the weld signature comprises a plurality of weld pulses outputted via the welding torch; extract features of each of the plurality of weld pulses from the weld signature; and analyze the features for each of the plurality of weld pulses of the weld signature; wherein the weld signature that includes a first signature and a second signature, and the instructions further cause the one or more processors to: determine pulse boundaries from the first signature, determine pulse forensic features from the second signature based on the determined pulse boundaries, set limits related to the pulse forensic features, and trigger a weld fault condition if values of the pulse forensic features exceed the set limits. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The welding system according to claim 21, wherein the first signature is a voltage signature and second signature is a current signature, or wherein the first signature is the current signature and the second signature is the voltage signature. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The welding system according to claim 22, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to: control the first signature of the weld signature to conform to a predetermined pulse waveform, and allow the second signature of the weld signature to vary in a context of pulsed welding operation. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The welding system according to claim 21, further comprising: one or more ports of a welding power source configured to feed wire and shielding gas to a welding torch. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The welding system according to claim 21, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform on or more of the following: trigger an alarm, send an alarm message, and send a text communication when the weld fault condition is triggered. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The welding system according to claim 25, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to stop or to modify the pulsed welding by the welding torch when the weld fault condition is triggered.