# US 11,027,152 B1 · Ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,027,152 B1 - Document ID: US11027152B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 17/091,310 - Filed: 2020-11-06 - Published: 2021-05-27 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2018-08-06 - Assignees: Integrated Sensors, LLC - Applicants: Integrated Sensors, LLC - Inventors: Peter S. Friedman - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11027152B1 ## CPC - A61N 5/1067: {in real time, i.e. during treatment} - A61N 5/00: Radiation therapy (ultrasound therapy A61N7/00; devices or apparatus applicable to both therapy and diagnosis A61B6/00) - A61N 5/1045: {using a multi-leaf collimator, e.g. for intensity modulated radiation therapy or IMRT} - A61N 5/1048: {Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods} - A61N 5/1049: {for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam} - A61N 5/1064: {for adjusting radiation treatment in response to monitoring} - G01T 1/40: Stabilisation of spectrometers - A61N 5/1077: {Beam delivery systems} - A61N 2005/1059: {using cameras imaging the patient} - A61N 2005/1087: {Ions; Protons} - A61N 2005/109: {Neutrons} - G01T 1/1612: {with scintillation detectors (G01T1/20 takes precedence)} - G01T 1/29: Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) - G01T: MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION (radiation analysis of materials, mass spectrometry G01N23/00; tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles H01J47/00) ## Abstract Embodiments are directed generally to an ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system that includes an enclosure structure with at least one ultra-thin window to an incident ionizing-radiation beam. Embodiments further include at least one scintillator within the enclosure structure that is substantially directly in an incident ionizing-radiation beam path and at least one ultraviolet illumination source within the enclosure structure and facing the scintillator. At least one pixelated imaging system within the enclosure structure is located out of an incident ionizing-radiation beam path and includes at least one pixelated photosensor device optically coupled to an imaging lens. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system comprising: an enclosure structure with at least one ultra-thin window to an incident ionizing-radiation beam; at least one scintillator within the enclosure structure that is substantially directly in an incident ionizing-radiation beam path; at least one ultraviolet (UV) illumination source within the enclosure structure and facing the scintillator; and at least one pixelated imaging system within the enclosure structure located out of an incident ionizing-radiation beam path and comprising at least one pixelated photosensor device optically coupled to an imaging lens. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising: at least one UV photosensor within the enclosure structure positioned to monitor the UV illumination source. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising: a computing system that processes and analyzes image data streaming in real-time from the pixelated imaging system. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising a UV bandpass filter optically coupled in close proximity to each UV illumination source, the UV bandpass filter having maximum spectral transmission in a spectral region of maximum emission from the UV illumination source. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising a UV blocking and visible transmitting bandpass filter optically coupled to an imaging lens with the bandpass filter having high transmission in a visible spectral emission region of the scintillator. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of pixelated imaging devices surrounding a scintillator area, each pixelated imaging device having its corresponding lens focused on and its field of view centered on one particular section of the scintillator area. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the thin or relatively thin scintillator is based on a gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) phosphor material coated on a thin substrate. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the thin or relatively thin scintillator is based on a micro-columnar CsI phosphor material coated on a thin substrate. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the thin or relatively thin scintillator is of an organic plastic material. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 6, wherein at least one of the pixelated imaging devices is a machine vision camera. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 6, wherein at least one of the pixelated imaging devices is a pixelated photomultipler (PMT). ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 6, wherein at least one of the pixelated imaging devices includes a pixelated photomultiplier (PMT) and at least one of the pixelated imaging devices includes a machine vision camera. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the pixelated imaging system is configured as an image collection system having a projection of its optical axis oriented at an angle of incidence of 45±35 degrees to a surface of the scintillator. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the scintillator comprises an approximately 1.5 mm or less thickness. ### Claim 15 An ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system comprising: an enclosure structure with at least one ultra-thin window to an incident ionizing-radiation beam, wherein the ultra-thin window is highly transmissive to ionizing-radiation; at least one scintillator within the enclosure structure that is substantially directly in an incident ionizing-radiation beam path; at least one pixelated imaging system within the enclosure structure comprising at least one pixelated photosensor device optically coupled to an imaging lens located out of an incident ionizing-radiation beam path; and a mirror in close proximity to each imaging lens and located out of an incident ionizing-radiation beam path and obliquely facing both the lens of the pixelated imaging system and the scintillator at an angle, wherein each pixelated imaging system and its associated close proximity mirror comprises a folded optical system configuration with respect to its view of the scintillator surface to reduce a thickness or depth of the enclosure structure and having a projection of its optical axis oriented at an angle of incidence of 45±35 degrees to a surface of the scintillator. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 15, wherein the scintillator is of an organic plastic material. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 15, wherein the scintillator comprises an inorganic phosphor layer coated on a thin substrate. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 15, further comprising a plurality of pixelated imaging devices surrounding a scintillator area, each having a folded optical system configuration with its optical system focused on and its field of view centered on one particular section of the scintillator area. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The ionizing-radiation beam monitoring system of claim 15, wherein the incident ionizing-radiation beam of particles or photons is employed for treating cancer by external beam radiation therapy including new modalities exploiting a FLASH effect using primarily electrons, protons, ions, neutrons and/or X-ray photons. ### Claim 20 A method of monitoring a beam of ionizing-radiation in real-time, including tracking of beam position, movement, intensity profile, beam fluence and external dosimetry, the method comprising: receiving the ionizing-radiation beam in a scintillator enclosed in a light-tight structure with an entrance and exit highly transmissive to the incident ionizing-radiation beam, a folded optical system comprising a mirror in close proximity to each imaging lens and located out of an incident ionizing-radiation beam path and obliquely facing both the lens of the image collection system and the scintillator at an angle, wherein each image collection system and its associated close proximity mirror comprises a folded optical system configuration with respect to its view of the scintillator surface; wherein a multitude of emitting photons are created by the ionizing-radiation beam passing through the scintillator, some of which emitted photons are captured by the pixelated photosensor device of each pixelated imaging system; causing a train of image data frames streaming out from each pixelated imaging system to a computer system; wherein the computer system processes and analyzes the image data streaming from each pixelated imaging system in real-time to track the beam position, movement, intensity profile, beam fluence and external dosimetry.