# US 11,026,798 B1 · Sheet based triply periodic minimal surface implants for promoting osseointegration and methods for producing same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,026,798 B1 - Document ID: US11026798B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 16/991,638 - Filed: 2020-08-12 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2020-01-08 - Assignees: Restor3D, Inc. - Applicants: restor3d, Inc. - Inventors: Andrew Todd Miller; Matthew Rexrode; Cambre Kelly; Ken Gall - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11026798B1 ## CPC - A61F 2/3094: {Designing or manufacturing processes} - A61F 2/28: Bones - A61F 2/30771: {applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves} - A61F 2/4455: {for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages (intervertebral discs A61F2/442)} - A61F 2002/2835: {Bone graft implants for filling a bony defect or an endoprosthesis cavity, e.g. by synthetic material or biological material} - A61F 2002/30736: {Augments or augmentation pieces, e.g. wedges or blocks for bridging a bone defect} - A61F 2002/30784: {Plurality of holes} - A61F 2002/30827: {Plurality of grooves} - A61F 2002/30828: {parallel} - A61F 2002/30841: {Sharp anchoring protrusions for impaction into the bone, e.g. sharp pins, spikes} - A61F 2002/30845: {with cutting edges} - A61F 2002/30904: {serrated profile, i.e. saw-toothed} - A61F 2002/30985: {using three dimensional printing [3DP]} - A61F 2310/00023: Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys - A61F: FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C) ## Abstract Provided herein are implants and methods for producing implants. In at least one embodiment, the implants include sheet-based, triply periodic, minimal surface (TPMS) portions. According to one embodiment, the TPMS portions include a gyroid architecture that provides for improved osseointegration and mechanical performance over previous implants due to novel ratios of porosity to compressive strength, among other features. In one or more embodiments, the gyroid architecture is organized into unit cells that demonstrate anisotropic mechanical performance along an insertion direction. In various embodiments, the present methods include novel selective laser melting (SLM) techniques for forming the TPMS portions of implants in a manner that reduces defect formation, thereby improving compressive performance and other implant properties. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A 3D-printed implant comprising: a top surface and a bottom surface; a titanium frame comprising: an interior portion, wherein the interior portion defines a void area; and a titanium sheet-based triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) portion integrally formed with the titanium frame via SLM 3D printing extending from the top surface through the void area of the titanium frame to the bottom surface, the TPMS portion comprising: a wall density greater than 99%; a stiffness modulus of about 3-14 GPa; a porosity of about 55-85%; and an ultimate compression strength of about 50-230 MPa. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein the TPMS portion is free of nodes. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, further comprising one or more teeth extending from the top surface or bottom surface. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The 3D-printed implant of claim 3, wherein the one or more teeth extend from the top or bottom surface along a surface of the titanium frame. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein the interior portion defines a second void area free of TPMS structures. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein: the TPMS portion comprises a wall thickness of about 0.25 mm; the stiffness modulus is about 3 GPa; the porosity is about 85%; and the ultimate compression strength is about 50 MPa. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein: the TPMS portion comprises a wall thickness of about 1.00 mm; the stiffness modulus is about 14 GPa; the porosity is about 55%; and the ultimate compression strength is about 227 MPa. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein the 3D-printed implant is anisotropic in an insertion direction. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein the 3D-printed implant is a spinal cage. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein the 3D-printed implant is an osteotomy wedge. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The 3D-printed implant of claim 1, wherein the TPMS portion comprises a gyroid architecture. ### Claim 12 A 3D-printed implant comprising: a top surface and a bottom surface; at least one titanium sheet based triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) portion extending from the top surface to the bottom surface and comprising: a wall density greater than 99%; a stiffness modulus of about 3-14 GPa; a porosity of about 55-85%; and an ultimate compression strength of about 50-230 MPa. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The 3D-printed implant of claim 12, wherein: the top surface and the bottom surface define an interior portion; and the interior portion defines at least one void area. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The 3D-printed implant of claim 13, wherein the at least one titanium TPMS portion comprises a gyroid architecture. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The 3D-printed implant of claim 14, wherein the at least one titanium TPMS portion is free of nodes. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The 3D-printed implant of claim 15, further comprising one or more teeth extending from the top surface or the bottom surface. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The 3D-printed implant of claim 16, wherein the 3D-printed implant is anisotropic in an insertion direction. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The 3D-printed implant of claim 12, wherein the 3D-printed implant is a spinal cage. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The 3D-printed implant of claim 12, wherein the 3D-printed implant is an osteotomy wedge.