# US 11,026,796 B2 · Robotic bone preparation for increasing implant contact surface area

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- Number: US 11,026,796 B2
- Document ID: US11026796B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/003,420
- Filed: 2018-06-08
- Published: 2018-12-13
- Granted: 2021-06-08
- Earliest claimed: 2017-06-08
- Assignees: MAKO Surgical Corp.
- Applicants: Mako Surgical Corp.
- Inventors: Amit Mistry; Gokce Yildirim
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11026796B2

## CPC

- A61F 2/30771: {applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves}
- A61F 2/28: Bones
- A61F 2/2846: {Support means for bone substitute or for bone graft implants, e.g. membranes or plates for covering bone defects (nets or sleeves applied to surface of endoprostheses A61F2/30907; bone plates A61B17/80; bone regeneration in dental surgery A61C8/0006)}
- A61F 2/30749: {Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body}
- A61F 2/30942: {for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques}
- A61F 2/30767: {Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth}
- A61F 2002/2835: {Bone graft implants for filling a bony defect or an endoprosthesis cavity, e.g. by synthetic material or biological material}
- A61F 2002/2839: {Bone plugs or bone graft dowels}
- A61F 2002/285: {Fixation appliances for attaching bone substitute support means to underlying bone}
- A61F 2002/30011: {differing in porosity}
- A61F 2002/3006: {Properties of materials and coating materials}
- A61F 2002/30108: {Shapes}
- A61F 2002/30115: {circular-O-shaped}
- A61F 2002/30136: {undulated or wavy, e.g. serpentine-shaped or zigzag-shaped}
- A61F 2002/30233: {Stepped cylinders, i.e. having discrete diameter changes}
- A61F 2002/30235: {tubular, e.g. sleeves}
- A61F 2002/30327: {differing in diameter}
- A61F 2002/30329: {Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements}
- A61F 2002/30357: {Stepped cylinders, i.e. having discrete diameter changes}
- A61F 2002/30604: {modular}
- A61F 2002/30772: {Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section}
- A61F 2002/3092: {having an open-celled or open-pored structure}
- A61F 2002/3093: {for promoting ingrowth of bone tissue}
- A61F 2002/3096: {trimmed or cut to a customised size}
- A61F: FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C)

## Abstract

Described herein is a bone implant including at least one bone-engaging surface designed to mate with an implant-engaging surface of a bone. In the preferred embodiment, the bone-engaging surface of the implant includes a wave pattern comprising at least one peak extending in a proximal direction or at least one valley extending in a distal direction. The implant-engaging surface of the bone also includes a matching wave pattern having at least one peak and valley. Upon mating the engaging surfaces, a bone-implant interface may be created wherein the peaks and valleys of the wave patterns are aligned. As a result, there is good surface contact area at the bone-implant interface which helps prevent loosening or rotating of the implant.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A bone implant comprising:
a proximal surface; and
a distal surface having a wave pattern with alternating curved peaks and curved valleys, each valley connecting adjacent peaks,
wherein the distal surface is adapted to engage with an outer surface of a bone, and
wherein each peak extends towards the proximal surface in a proximal direction and each valley extends away from the proximal surface in a distal direction,
wherein the wave pattern on the distal surface of the implant is configured to match a wave pattern on the outer surface of the bone, such that the alternating peaks and valleys of the respective implant are configured to align with the respective peaks and valleys of the bone wave pattern.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the distal surface is porous.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the distal surface includes a stem portion extending in the distal direction, the stem having a smaller diameter than a diameter of the distal surface, the stem being insertable into a medullary canal of the bone.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the proximal surface includes a head portion adapted to engage with a modular implant component.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the wave pattern spans only a circumferential perimeter of the distal surface.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the wave pattern runs along a single plane perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the bone.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the peaks and valleys are preoperatively planned such that peaks align with relatively high density bone areas and valleys align with relatively low density bone areas.

### Claim 8

A method of maximizing surface contact between an implant and an outer surface of a bone comprising:
selecting a desired wave pattern for the outer surface of the bone, the wave pattern having alternating curved peaks —and curved valleys, each valley connecting adjacent peaks, each peak extending in a proximal direction and each valley extending in a distal direction;
using a cutting tool to produce the wave pattern on the outer surface of the bone; and
positioning the bone implant such that a distal surface of the bone implant engages the outer surface of the bone such that the alternating peaks and valleys of the respective implant are aligned with the respective peaks and valleys of the bone wave pattern.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the positioning step includes disposing an adhesive on either the outer surface of the bone, the distal surface of the bone implant, or both.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, further comprising producing a wave pattern on the distal surface of the bone implant.

### Claim 11

A method of maximizing surface contact between an implant and an outer surface of a bone comprising:
selecting a desired wave pattern for a distal surface of the implant, wherein the wave pattern includes alternating curved peaks curved valleys, each valley connecting adjacent peaks, each peak extending in a proximal direction and each valley extending in a distal direction;
producing the wave pattern on the distal surface of the implant; and
positioning the implant such that the distal surface of the implant engages the outer surface of the bone such that the alternating peaks and valleys of the respective implant are aligned with the respective peaks and valleys of the bone wave pattern.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further comprising determining the relative densities of areas of the bone wherein the wave pattern on the distal surface of the bone implant is preoperatively planned such that peaks align with relatively high density bone areas and valleys align with relatively low density bone areas.