# US 11,026,794 B2 · Reinforced bone scaffold > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,026,794 B2 - Document ID: US11026794B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/092,672 - Filed: 2017-05-02 - Published: 2019-06-06 - Granted: 2021-06-08 - Earliest claimed: 2016-05-02 - Assignees: Marquette University - Applicants: Marquette University - Inventors: Lobat Tayebi; Morteza Rasoulianboroujeni - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11026794B2 ## CPC - A61F 2/28: Bones - A61K 38/1875: {Bone morphogenic factor; Osteogenins; Osteogenic factor; Bone-inducing factor} - A61L 27/18: obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds - A61L 27/20: Polysaccharides - A61L 27/222: {Gelatin} - A61L 27/225: {Fibrin; Fibrinogen} - A61L 27/24: Collagen - A61L 27/425: {of phosphorus containing material, e.g. apatite} - A61L 27/46: with phosphorus-containing inorganic fillers - A61L 27/48: with macromolecular fillers - A61L 27/54: Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances {(A61L27/227 takes precedence)} - A61L 27/56: Porous materials, {e.g. foams or sponges} - A61L 27/58: Materials at least partially resorbable by the body - A61F 2/30942: {for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques} - A61F 2002/30011: {differing in porosity} - A61F 2002/30032: {differing in absorbability or resorbability, i.e. in absorption or resorption time} - A61F 2002/30075: {swellable, e.g. when wetted} - A61F 2002/3092: {having an open-celled or open-pored structure} - A61F 2002/30962: {using stereolithography} - A61F 2310/00365: Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof - A61L 2430/02: for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants - A61F: FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C) - A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D) - A61L: METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES (preservation of bodies or disinfecting characterised by the agents employed A01N; preserving, e.g. sterilising, food or foodstuffs A23; preparations for medical, dental or toiletry purposes A61K) ## Abstract Scaffolds for use in bone tissue engineering include a skeleton and a host component. Methods of preparation of scaffolds include identification of biodegradation properties for the skeleton and the host component. The skeleton is constructed to form a three-dimensional shape. The skeleton is constructed of a first material and has a first rate of biodegradation. The host component fills the three-dimensional shape formed by the skeleton. The host component is constructed of a second material and has a second rate of biodegradation. The first rate of biodegradation is slower than the second rate of biodegradation. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering, the scaffold comprising: a skeleton constructed to form a three-dimensional shape defining a space, the skeleton constructed of a first material and having a first rate of biodegradation; and a host component filling the space defined by the three-dimensional shape formed by the skeleton, the host component constructed of a second material and having a second rate of biodegradation, wherein the first rate of biodegradation is slower than the second rate of biodegradation; wherein the skeleton and the host component form a unitary structure constructed throughout as an integrated body. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein the skeleton is a solid construction consisting of the first material and the host component consists of the second material which is porous. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein the host component further comprises bone morphogenetic proteins. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein the second material is a foam. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein the host component is a scaffold host component, and wherein further host material surrounds the skeleton, wherein the further host material is the second material or a third material. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein a first dimensional plane through the scaffold comprises both a first portion of the skeleton and a first portion of the host component, and wherein the first dimensional plane is oriented in a direction of the expected forces to be applied to the first portion of the skeleton in vivo. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein a first dimensional plane through the scaffold comprises both a first portion of the skeleton and a first portion of the host component and a second dimensional plane, orthogonal to the first dimensional plane, comprises both a second portion of the skeleton and a second portion of the host component. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The scaffold of claim 7, wherein the skeleton comprises: a plurality of first supports, each of the first supports aligned in parallel to the other first supports; and a plurality of second supports, each of the second supports aligned in parallel to the other second supports and oriented at an angle different from an angle of the first supports. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The scaffold of claim 8, wherein the skeleton further comprises a plurality of third supports, each of the third supports aligned in parallel to the other third supports and oriented at an angle different from the angle of the first supports and the angle of the second supports. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein the host component is molded into the space defined by the three-dimensional shape formed by the skeleton, and forms the unitary structure by macroscale, microscale, or nanoscale physical interlocking between the host component and the skeleton. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The scaffold of claim 1, wherein the skeleton further comprises: a chemical surface treatment to promote bonding between the host component and the skeleton; wherein the chemical surface treatment is selected from hydrolysis, aminolysis, plasma treatment, ozone treatment, or surface-initiated atom transfer radial polymerization (ATRP).