# US 11,012,352 B2 · Traffic offloading for mobile operators > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,012,352 B2 - Document ID: US11012352B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/155,401 - Filed: 2018-10-09 - Published: 2019-04-18 - Granted: 2021-05-18 - Earliest claimed: 2017-10-16 - Assignees: Edgemicro Corp. - Applicants: Anton L. Kapela - Inventors: Anton L. Kapela - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11012352B2 ## CPC - H04L 45/72: {Routing based on the source address} - F24S 25/33: forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles - F24S 25/61: for fixing to the ground or to building structures - F24S 25/636: clamping by screw-threaded elements - F24S 25/70: with means for adjusting the final position or orientation of supporting elements in relation to each other or to a mounting surface; with means for compensating mounting tolerances - H02S 20/23: specially adapted for roof structures - H04L 12/4633: {Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling} - H04L 45/74: Address processing for routing - H04L 61/256: NAT traversal - H04L 69/22: Parsing or analysis of headers - H04W 8/082: {for traffic bypassing of mobility servers, e.g. location registers, home PLMNs or home agents} - H04W 40/32: for defining a routing cluster membership - F24S 2025/6008: {by using toothed elements} - F24S 2025/803: {having a central web, e.g. I-shaped, inverted T- shaped} - F24S 2025/807: {having undercut grooves} - H04L 45/50: using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS] - H04L 61/2514: between local and global IP addresses - H04L 61/2592: using tunnelling or encapsulation - H04L 2212/00: Encapsulation of packets - Y02B 10/10: Photovoltaic [PV] - Y02B 10/20: Solar thermal - Y02E 10/47: Mountings or tracking - Y02E 10/50: Photovoltaic [PV] energy - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - F24S: SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS (for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G6/00) - H02S: GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES (obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources G21H1/12; light sensitive inorganic semiconductor devices H10F; light sensitive organic semiconductor devices H10K30/00; thermoelectric devices H10N10/00; pyroelectric devices H10N15/00) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A method, a system, and a computer program product for data routing in communications systems. A data packet is received and source of the data packet is determined. based on the source of the data packet, a forwarding route for transmission of the data packet is determined. The forwarding route includes at least one of the following: a known content route and a default content route. The data packet is transmitted based on the determined forwarding route. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A computer-implemented method, comprising: receiving a data packet; determining a source of the data packet and identifying a predetermined network address translation (NAT) range of addresses corresponding to the source of the data packet; determining, based on the source of the data packet and the identified predetermined NAT range of addresses, a forwarding route for transmission of the data packet, wherein the forwarding route includes at least one of the following: a known content route associated with one or more peering content providers and a default content route associated with one or more non-peering content providers; and transmitting the data packet based on the determined forwarding route. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the data packet is received by a local internet protocol (IP) access system communicatively coupled to at least one component operated by a mobile network operator and at least one content provider. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the data packet received by the local IP access appliance system can include at least one of the following: an IP packet received from the content provider and a general packet radio service tunneling protocol (GTP) packet received from the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator includes at least one of the following: a base station, an eNodeB base station, an Ethernet switch, a backhaul network, an evolved packet core system and any combination thereof. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein upon determination that the data packet is a GTP packet received from at least one component operated in the evolved packet core operated by the mobile network operator, further comprising transmitting the GTP packet to a base station operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein upon determination that the data packet is a GTP packet received from a base station operated by the mobile network operator, further comprising: inspecting at least one encapsulated IP packet contained in the GTP packet to determine an encapsulated destination address of the at least one encapsulated IP packet; transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet using the determined encapsulated destination address of the IP packet. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method according to claim 6, wherein the transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet includes determining whether to route the at least one encapsulated IP packet using at least one of the following: the known content route and the default content route. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7, upon determining that the at least one encapsulated IP packet is to be transmitted using the known content route, further comprising de-encapsulating the GTP packet; and transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet to the at least one content provider. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7, further comprising performing a network address translation of the destination address. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The method according to claim 7, upon determining that the at least one encapsulated IP packet is to be transmitted using the default content route, further comprising re-encapsulating the GTP packet; and transmitting the re-encapsulated GTP packet to the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 11 (depends on 3) The method according to claim 3, wherein upon determination that the data packet is an IP packet received from the at least one content provider, further comprising transmitting the IP packet to a user equipment communicatively coupled to a base station operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method according to claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the IP packet includes transmitting the IP packet using a GTP tunnel endpoint identifier (TED), wherein the GTP TED is determined by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 13 A system comprising: at least one data processor; memory storing instructions which, when executed by the at least one data processor, causes the at least one data processor to perform operations comprising: receiving a data packet; determining a source of the data packet and identifying a predetermined network address translation (NAT) range of addresses corresponding to the source of the data packet; determining, based on the source of the data packet and the identified predetermined NAT range of addresses, a forwarding route for transmission of the data packet, wherein the forwarding route includes at least one of the following: a known content route associated with one or more peering content providers and a default content route associated with one or more non-peering content providers; and transmitting the data packet based on the determined forwarding route. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system according to claim 13, wherein the data packet is received by a local internet protocol (IP) access system communicatively coupled to at least one component operated by a mobile network operator and at least one content provider. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system according to claim 14, wherein the data packet received by the local IP access appliance system can include at least one of the following: an IP packet received from the content provider and a general packet radio service tunneling protocol (GTP) packet received from the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The system according to claim 14, wherein the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator includes at least one of the following: a base station, an eNodeB base station, an Ethernet switch, a backhaul network, an evolved packet core system and any combination thereof. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein upon determination that the data packet is a GTP packet received from at least one component operated in the evolved packet core operated by the mobile network operator, further comprising transmitting the GTP packet to a base station operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein upon determination that the data packet is a GTP packet received from a base station operated by the mobile network operator, further comprising: inspecting at least one encapsulated IP packet contained in the GTP packet to determine an encapsulated destination address of the at least one encapsulated IP packet; transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet using the determined encapsulated destination address of the IP packet. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The system according to claim 18, wherein the transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet includes determining whether to route the at least one encapsulated IP packet using at least one of the following: the known content route and the default content route. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The system according to claim 19, upon determining that the at least one encapsulated IP packet is to be transmitted using the known content route, further comprising de-encapsulating the GTP packet; and transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet to the at least one content provider. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) The system according to claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise performing a network address translation of the destination address. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) The system according to claim 19, upon determining that the at least one encapsulated IP packet is to be transmitted using the default content route, further comprising re-encapsulating the GTP packet; and transmitting the re-encapsulated GTP packet to the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 23 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein upon determination that the data packet is an IP packet received from the at least one content provider, further comprising transmitting the IP packet to a user equipment communicatively coupled to a base station operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The system according to claim 23, wherein the transmitting of the IP packet includes transmitting the IP packet using a GTP tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID), wherein the GTP TEID is determined by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 25 A non-transitory computer program product storing instructions, which when executed by at least one data processor of at least one computing system, implement a method comprising: receiving a data packet; determining a source of the data packet and identifying a predetermined network address translation (NAT) range of addresses corresponding to the source of the data packet; determining, based on the source of the data packet and the identified predetermined NAT range of addresses, a forwarding route for transmission of the data packet, wherein the forwarding route includes at least one of the following: a known content route associated with one or more peering content providers and a default content route associated with one or more non-peering content providers; and transmitting the data packet based on the determined forwarding route. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The computer program product according to claim 25, wherein the data packet is received by a local internet protocol (IP) access system communicatively coupled to at least one component operated by a mobile network operator and at least one content provider. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The computer program product according to claim 26, wherein the data packet received by the local IP access appliance system can include at least one of the following: an IP packet received from the content provider and a general packet radio service tunneling protocol (GTP) packet received from the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) The computer program product according to claim 26, wherein the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator includes at least one of the following: a base station, an eNodeB base station, an Ethernet switch, a backhaul network, an evolved packet core system and any combination thereof. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The computer program product according to claim 26, wherein upon determination that the data packet is a GTP packet received from at least one component operated in the evolved packet core operated by the mobile network operator, further comprising transmitting the GTP packet to a base station operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 30 (depends on 27) The computer program product according to claim 27, wherein upon determination that the data packet is a GTP packet received from a base station operated by the mobile network operator, further comprising: inspecting at least one encapsulated IP packet contained in the GTP packet to determine an encapsulated destination address of the at least one encapsulated IP packet; transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet using the determined encapsulated destination address of the IP packet. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The computer program product according to claim 30, wherein the transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet includes determining whether to route the at least one encapsulated IP packet using at least one of the following: the known content route and the default content route. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The computer program product according to claim 31, upon determining that the at least one encapsulated IP packet is to be transmitted using the known content route, further comprising de-encapsulating the GTP packet; and transmitting the at least one encapsulated IP packet to the at least one content provider. ### Claim 33 (depends on 31) The computer program product according to claim 31, wherein the operations further comprise performing a network address translation of the destination address. ### Claim 34 (depends on 31) The computer program product according to claim 31, upon determining that the at least one encapsulated IP packet is to be transmitted using the default content route, further comprising re-encapsulating the GTP packet; and transmitting the re-encapsulated GTP packet to the at least one component operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 35 (depends on 27) The computer program product according to claim 27, wherein upon determination that the data packet is an IP packet received from the at least one content provider, further comprising transmitting the IP packet to a user equipment communicatively coupled to a base station operated by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The computer program product according to claim 35, wherein the transmitting of the IP packet includes transmitting the IP packet using a GTP tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID), wherein the GTP TEID is determined by the mobile network operator. ### Claim 37 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein one or more peering content providers are configured to receive and store the predetermined NAT range of addresses, and one or more peering content providers are configured to generate a response to the transmitted data packet using the predetermined NAT range of addresses. ### Claim 38 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the forwarding route is determined based on a session state associated with a communication session between the source of the data packet and one or more base stations, the session state being determined based on an Internet protocol address of the source of the data packet and a GTP TEID or FTEID assigned to the communication session. ### Claim 39 (depends on 13) The system according to claim 13, wherein one or more peering content providers are configured to receive and store the predetermined NAT range of addresses, and one or more peering content providers are configured to generate a response to the transmitted data packet using the predetermined NAT range of addresses. ### Claim 40 (depends on 13) The system according to claim 13, wherein the forwarding route is determined based on a session state associated with a communication session between the source of the data packet and one or more base stations, the session state being determined based on an Internet protocol address of the source of the data packet and a GTP TEID or FTEID assigned to the communication session. ### Claim 41 (depends on 1) The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein one or more peering content providers are configured to receive and store the predetermined NAT range of addresses, and one or more peering content providers are configured to generate a response to the transmitted data packet using the predetermined NAT range of addresses. ### Claim 42 (depends on 1) The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein the forwarding route is determined based on a session state associated with a communication session between the source of the data packet and one or more base stations, the session state being determined based on an Internet protocol address of the source of the data packet and a GTP TEID or FTEID assigned to the communication session.