Continuous methods for treating liquids and manufacturing certain constituents (e.g., nanoparticles) in liquids, apparatuses and nanoparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) resulting therefrom

A device for continuously modifying at least one flowing liquid comprising:

• at least one trough member;
• at least one liquid transport means for supplying at least one liquid to said at least one trough member thereby creating a flow direction of flowing liquid in said at least one trough member;
• a plurality of sets of submerged electrodes for conducting at least one electrochemical reaction, said plurality of sets of submerged electrodes having at least a first set of submerged electrodes and at least a last set of submerged electrodes, wherein said plurality of sets of submerged electrodes are each located along said flow direction such that the flowing liquid passes by said plurality of sets of submerged electrodes sequentially such that said last set of submerged electrodes is located downstream from said at least a first set of submerged electrodes;
• and
• at least one AC power source connected to each set of said plurality of sets of submerged electrodes for conducting said at least one electrochemical reaction.

A device for substantially continuously forming at least one constituent in flowing water comprising:

• at least one trough member for containing said flowing water, said flowing water having a flow direction and having an upper surface and said at least one trough member having an inlet portion and an outlet portion;
• a plurality of submerged electrodes sets, each of said submerge electrode sets comprising an electrochemical reaction area in said at least one trough member, said plurality of submerged electrode sets comprising at least a first set of submerged electrodes and at least a last set of submerged electrodes, wherein said plurality of sets of submerged electrodes are each located along said flow direction such that the flowing water passes by each of said submerged electrode sets sequentially such that the last of said plurality of said submerged electrode sets is located downstream from said first set of submerged electrodes;
• and
• at least one AC power source connected to each set of said plurality of sets of submerged electrodes.