Metallurgical vessel lining with enclosed metal layer

A lining structure for a refractory vessel, comprising a) a nonperforated first layer comprising a refractory material and having a first layer first major surface and a first layer second major surface disposed opposite to the first layer first major surface, and b) a second layer having a second layer first major surface and a second layer second major surface disposed opposite to the second layer first major surface;

• wherein the first layer second major surface is in communication with the second layer first major surface;
• and
• c) a nonperforated third layer comprising a refractory material and having a third layer first major surface in communication with the second layer second major surface, wherein the second layer comprises a metal component having a major surface in communication with the first layer second major surface and a major surface in communication with the third layer first major surface, and comprises refractory support structures passing through the metal component from the first layer to the third layer,
• wherein the metal component in the second layer contains passages extending between the second layer first major surface to the second layer second major surface accommodating the support structures,
• wherein the sum of the cross-sectional areas of support structures passing through the metal component has a value from and including 0.1% to and including 10% of the area of the second layer first major surface, and
• wherein the metal component of the second layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, alloys and combinations of any thereof;
• wherein the material is provided in the form of foil, sheets, panels, slurry, or compressed powder;
• and
• wherein the first layer is a working layer.